A/HRC/18/48 B. Child protection 32. The widespread and systematic recruitment and use of children in armed conflict in Somalia continues to be a matter of utmost concern. Al-Shabaab continues its policy of active child recruitment. In May and June, it reportedly recruited over 180 children in Lower Juba; systematic recruitment from Bay and Bakol was also documented. Schools are increasingly targeted for recruitment. The Transitional Federal Government has publicly reiterated its policy of not recruiting children into the Somali national forces. However, no effective mechanism is in place to prevent such recruitment, as made evident by the identification in the Bihanga military training camp in Uganda of 46 underage recruits. In April, the minors were repatriated into Mogadishu, but only six of them have been reintegrated into civilian life with United Nations support. The whereabouts of the remaining 40 are unclear, and there are reports that they are still hosted in the Government Al-Jazeera Camp. The independent expert urges the new Cabinet to appoint a focal point for human rights and children and armed conflict issues on the basis of the positive example given by the Farmajo Government, and looks forward to concrete progress in the development and adoption of the action plan, as required by the Security Council in its resolution 1612 (2005). 33. According to United Nations monitors, in May and June, 463 grave violations against children involving primarily child recruitment and the killing and maiming of children in Mogadishu were reported. Child soldiers are often used in the frontline. C. Rule of law 34. The weakness or virtual collapse of the structures designed to administer justice, including law enforcement and the protection of human rights, continues to impede progress towards the establishment of formal mechanisms for the rule of law. Given this situation, a range of non-State customary or religion-based (sharia) mechanisms are in place to deliver judicial and legal services to the population. At present, the judiciary in Mogadishu is housed in only a few buildings and house courts, and has limited personnel in need of further professional development. In April 2011, UNDP conducted the first judicial training in years. The six-month programme was aimed at judges, prosecutors and judicial support staff. D. Freedom of expression and opinion 35. No journalist was killed in the period under consideration. However, journalists have continued to suffer injuries in the context of the ongoing armed conflict, and are subjected to arbitrary or unlawful arrests, threats and other forms of intimidation. Al-Shabaab reportedly continues to place unlawful and arbitrary limits on freedom of opinion and expression, including by blocking radio signals and prohibiting listening to certain radio stations and news. Failure to obey these orders has been met with punishments to both media house staff and individuals caught listening to banned stations. 36. Cases of interference by the Transitional Federal Government with freedom of opinion and expression were also reported. Notable cases include the arrest and detention of two Shabelle Media personnel for three days in Mogadishu, only for them to be released without charge. In March 2011, Radio Kulmiye was closed by the National Security Agency for 48 hours, then allowed to resume broadcasting by the authorities. In June, Government forces stormed and stopped the operation of Jubba radio, a local FM station based in Mogadishu, for a few hours. 8