A/HRC/18/27 death audits should be a non-judicial review that goes beyond medical reasons to identify the social, economic and cultural reasons that led or contributed to the death.39 34. Accountability is the cornerstone of the Global Strategy for Women’s and Children’s Health, which calls on all stakeholders to support improved monitoring and evaluation to ensure the accountability of all actors for results. The Commission established to provide oversight of the Strategy proposes a “monitor-review-act” framework for accountability.40 In order to fulfil their human rights commitments made at the High-level Plenary Meeting on the Millennium Development Goals,41 States must ensure that their national accountability mechanisms are consistent with their human rights treaty obligations. Human right mechanisms such as the universal periodic review, the treaty bodies and regional mechanisms are crucial to a comprehensive accountability framework. IV. Examples 35. The most effective examples involve the combination of sustained efforts to address the underlying causes of maternal mortality and morbidity while strengthening Government commitments to ensuring better access to quality health care and fostering the empowerment of women. The examples below have produced demonstrable results at reducing maternal mortality and morbidity by giving effect, to varying degrees and in different ways, to certain principles of a human rights-based approach: equality and nondiscrimination, participation, transparency, empowerment, sustainability, accountability and international cooperation. These examples do not review the overall human rights situation in each State, especially in relation to women or girls, nor do they provide a comprehensive human rights evaluation of maternal mortality reduction programmes or seek to evaluate whether all aspects of these are consistent with a human rights-based approach. As seen above, standards are well developed by international human rights bodies and all States can improve their efforts to implement these norms and standards and to adopt an integrated human rights-based approach to preventable maternal mortality and morbidity. The examples below give effect to certain principles of such an approach, but are not cited as examples of a holistic and comprehensive approach to maternal mortality and morbidity. The fact that few examples of how the human rights principles of sustainability and transparency exist is evidence of how much more needs to be done. While some excellent examples of mechanisms have been outlined, they also demonstrate the need to incorporate further, through consistent and systematic efforts, other human rights principles into strategies if they are to be considered in line with a human rights-based approach. A. 1. Africa Efforts to abandon female genital mutilation and cutting 36. Throughout Africa, UNICEF and UNFPA have been working with Governments and partners to address female genital mutilation and cutting, using an approach that does not focus on individual behaviour but instead supports discussions and debates regarding the issue and human rights principles; for example, the Saleema campaign in the Sudan involves and mobilizes communities, religious leaders and families using mass media to spread its message as widely as possible. This human rights-based approach has resulted in 39 A/HRC/7/11/Add.4, para. 16. Commission on Information and Accountability for Women’s and Children’s Health, Keeping Promises, Measuring Results: Final Report, 2011. 41 See General Assembly resolution 65/1. 40 11