A/HRC/10/48 page 6 appear significantly diverse.11 Of interest is the practice in certain States of conducting national interest analyses,12 which highlight issues such as the reasons for becoming a party to a given treaty, the implications of becoming a party in terms of obligations and costs arising from the ratification of the Convention and the related implementation issues, with reference to both identification of legislation in place and analysis of such legislation in terms of compliance. The national interest analysis accompanies the proposal for ratification in its internal process. As the next chapter indicates, any pre-ratification review should be part of a process that continues in the implementation phase to review existing and proposed legislation. 17. Secondly, the experience of States parties that have engaged in adequate consultation prior to ratification appears to result in a positive impact on the implementation of the Convention. Adequate consultation should take place at the level of government departments and agencies, and State and territory level where applicable. Such consultation should enhance understanding of the Convention, contribute to ascertaining compliance of laws, policies and programmes with the Convention and identify areas for improvement. Non-governmental stakeholders and in particular civil society and organizations of persons with disabilities should also be integrated in such national consultations. Full and effective participation and inclusion in society of persons with disabilities is a general principle of the Convention,13 which also specifically establishes the duty on States to closely consult and actively involve persons with disabilities in the development and implementation of policies that affect them.14 Submissions for this study have highlighted the beneficial impact of officially translating and widely disseminating the Convention in national languages, to publicly launch the process of ratification, to make publicly available a plan that includes timelines and opportunities for consultation, and to invite civil society and organizations of persons with disabilities to make submissions presenting their views on the opportunities, implications and challenges of ratification. The need to support the participation of organizations of persons with disabilities in consultations, including with financial support, should also be carefully considered. The findings of the national interest analysis carried out by the government should eventually be made public. C. Reservations and interpretative declarations 18. Some States that have ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities have sought to adjust the application of the treaty by means of interpretative declarations or reservations. Article 2, paragraph 1 (d), of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties defines a “reservation” as “a unilateral statement, however phrased or named, made by a State when signing, ratifying, accepting, approving or acceding to a treaty, whereby it purports to exclude or 11 Such as for example in the submissions of Nepal, New Zealand, Niger, Romania and Slovakia. 12 Also referred to as informes or dossiers. 13 CRPD, art. 3. 14 CRPD, art. 4 (3).