A/HRC/4/8 page 4 Introduction 1. The independent expert, in his first report, took into account his mandate pursuant to resolution 2005/55 of the Commission on Human Rights. The present report elaborates on the first report, which was considered at the second session of the Human Rights Council. It also provides an update on the work of the independent expert, bearing in mind that a relatively short period of time has elapsed since the consideration of his previous report by the Council. 2. In accordance with the mandate, the independent expert identifies below some of the international legal instruments which underpin the mandate, some priorities identified by the expert, and some practical examples for consideration. Recognizing the dearth of research and lack of legal instruments directly corresponding to the broad area of international solidarity, the independent expert has endeavoured to be consistent with his mandate and undertaken as extensive research as possible for the purpose of this report. 3. The independent expert seeks to develop the human rights of people through international solidarity in three major areas of focus, namely: international cooperation, global response to natural disasters, diseases and agricultural pests; and third- generation rights. These three major areas of focus represent the existence of international solidarity in international forums. 4. By indicating the importance and existence of international solidarity in the major areas of focus, the independent expert seeks to establish international solidarity in United Nations human rights instruments. Furthermore, the independent expert aims to endorse the practice of international solidarity by more international actors and to encourage them to take initiatives towards international solidarity, and to practice it in international relations. 5. In an increasingly globalized world, there is greater interaction and interdependence between groups and individuals. After World War II an open and co-operative global system was set up, entrenching globalization firmly in the world. However, globalization as we know it has also resulted in an unequal distribution of benefits among the countries of the world. This situation implies an international challenge and General Assembly resolution 55/2 states that the central challenge we face today is to ensure that globalization becomes a positive force for all the people of the world. 6. General Assembly resolution 55/2 further states that, while globalization offers great opportunities, its benefits are very unevenly shared and its costs unevenly distributed. It recognizes that developing countries and countries with economies in transition face special difficulties in responding to this challenge and that only through broad and sustained efforts to create a shared future can globalization be made fully inclusive and equitable. These efforts must include policies and measures, at the global level, which correspond to the needs of developing countries and economies in transition and are formulated and implemented with their effective participation. 7. The global system lessens barriers between States, rendering the transfer of peoples and goods less difficult. Migration of peoples is tangible and so are the effects. The current issue of terrorism is not new, however after the tragedy of 9/11, which shocked the human conscience,