A/HRC/23/59 WHO. The key question was how to measure universality; she emphasized that the first step for countries was to measure when and where children were born, where they lived and the services to which they had access. She noted that international organizations had a responsibility to share examples of good practices with States, and referred to a concrete example from Brazil. She also stressed the importance of establishing and facilitating knowledge networks among countries and in particular South-to-South sharing. Lastly, international organizations also had an important role to play in capacity-building. 24. Dr. Giachetto stated that a comprehensive multi-sectoral policy was being put in place in Uruguay in order to ensure a comprehensive, holistic approach to health, which needed to include social determinants for the population. Health issues could not be tackled from within the Ministry of Public Health alone, and many different players had to be brought in. This approach included not only health but also education, housing, social security and other sectors. He emphasized the importance of the role of families in supporting every phase of a child’s development. He pointed out that the ultimate aim of multi-sectoral approaches was to ensure that there was complete access to quality health services targeted at the special needs of the population, governed by the principle of equality. This involved identifying vulnerable groups and designing specific programmes to meet their needs. This also involved the identification of a set of basic needs for all children, regardless of their nationality, race or place of origin. 25. Mr. Packer stated that national human rights institutions, including ombudsmen, had a key role to play in obtaining the views of children and the community in the area of child health. He also addressed the question on the practical steps States that could take to ensure a human rights-based approach to child health. He stressed that States had to work on social responsibility and on how individuals act in communities, such as in the area of discrimination. Concrete steps included providing information at the community level and involving leaders who work on integration issues in communities. 26. The Special Rapporteur on the sale of children, child prostitution and child pornography addressed the issue of female genital mutilation and other forms of sexual violence, stating that solutions had to be found at both the domestic and international levels. At the national level, awareness-raising initiatives for changing public perceptions were vital. She emphasized the importance of ensuring access to prompt appeals and compensation systems and the need for an effective legislative framework. At the international level, proper cooperation, coordinated action and effective accountability and monitoring systems were needed. She also highlighted the challenge of addressing concerns about global norms and rights, and the sovereignty and cultural integrity of States. Children’s rights were human rights, but the way in which they were translated in practice was a complex matter. In the Catholic and Islamic cultures, some saw sex education as potentially encouraging early sexual behaviour when, in fact, its aim was to provide information and the necessary tools for young persons to understand sexual matters. Child exploitation and sexual violence could not be tolerated in any culture. It was important to provide scientifically proven information on sexual behaviour and education to change attitudes. 27. Ms. Amin stated that parents and other stakeholders, including local elites, should be informed on child rights. She emphasized that education had an impact on child and maternal mortality, and various other aspects of health. In Bangladesh, life skills were taught as part of the school curriculum. National media were mobilized and community radio was used to disseminate information to entire communities. 8