A/HRC/45/39 activity of businesses and a national policy of taxation, so as to reduce inequalities and ensure the contribution of businesses to sustainable development and leaving no one behind. In its compilation of good practices and challenges, OHCHR took note of the commitment of States to foster a dynamic and well-functioning business sector, while protecting labour rights and environmental health standards, such as those affirmed in the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights. 13 Many States affirmed the need for businesses to comply with human rights standards and contribute to advancing social development and the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. D. Protecting nature and the environment 60. Sustainable Development Goals 6, 7, 9 and 11 to 15 reflect the close connection between leaving no one behind, sustainable development and action to combat climate change and its impacts, to conserve and sustainably use marine resources, terrestrial ecosystems and forests and to combat desertification and halt land degradation and biodiversity loss. 61. Some States highlighted in their reports the cross-cutting nature of climate change for all Sustainable Development Goals and referred to numerous challenges that they faced, such as increased floods, mudslides and landslides, land degradation, intensive heat events, sea level rise, acidification and changing rain patterns. Some States underlined loss of livelihoods, food insecurity and destruction of natural resources, for example, the situation of the Lake Chad area, as effects of climate change on developing countries.14 Reports of the regional commissions and of research institutions underlined the need to invest in planet and people. 62. Some States, including from Eastern Africa, also reported on action taken towards enhancing their blue economies to support growth, food security and nutrition, as well as transport, employment and tourism opportunities, and on progress made in the effective management of key commercial fish stocks. Challenges were mentioned with regard to illegal, unregulated and unreported fishing and marine pollution, mainly by plastics and nutrients. 63. With regard to the protection of healthy ecosystems, States reported as challenges increased urbanization and population growth, causing competing demands on land use, climate change, habitat fragmentation and invasive alien species, as well as a strong decline in biodiversity, mainly in Europe and Central Asia. Some highlighted actions taken to combat deforestation, land degradation and the trafficking of protected species of flora and fauna, as well as efforts to integrate ecosystem and biodiversity values into national and local planning. 64. In view of the commitment to achieving a world in which humanity lives in harmony with nature, affirmed in the political declaration of the high-level political forum on sustainable development, national policies should include such measures, taking into account their importance for the realization of all the Sustainable Development Goals. E. Promoting peaceful and inclusive societies, providing access to justice for all and building effective, accountable and inclusive institutions 65. Sustainable Development Goal target 16.1 is to significantly reduce all forms of violence, target 16.2 is to end the abuse and exploitation of children, target 16.3 is to promote the rule of law and ensure equal access to justice for all, target 16.4 is to reduce illicit financial and arms flows, target 16.5 is to reduce corruption, target 16.6 is to develop effective, accountable and transparent institutions, target 16.7 is to ensure inclusive, participatory and representative decision-making at all levels and target 16.10 is to ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms. 13 14 14 Endorsed by the Human Rights Council, in its resolution 17/4. Office of the Deputy Secretary-General, press release No. 1195 of 11 July 2018.