A/HRC/38/47 advocates and prosecutors may intervene and prevent the abuse before it is perpetrated. 102. States should apply a gender perspective to all online forms of violence, which are usually criminalized in a gender-neutral manner, in order to address them as acts of gender-based violence. Criminal or civil causes of action should allow women victims to pursue legal action, with adequate protection of their privacy, and avoid secondary victimization of women; without such protection, victims attempting to erase content may be exposed to the risk of having their case made even more public. 103. States should provide victims with legal recourse and appropriate legal aid in order that they may request from the court an order that harmful content be destroyed, in addition to an interim order that the perpetrator promptly cease circulating the material pending a resolution of the legal case, in collaboration with Internet intermediaries. 104. States should allow victims to obtain protection orders (for example, restraining orders) in family or civil courts to prevent their abusers from posting or sharing intimate images without their consent or engaging in other form of harassment or violence, whether online or offline. 105. States should provide training for magistrates, lawyers, police and all other law enforcement officials and frontline workers to ensure their ability to investigate and prosecute perpetrators, and foster public trust in obtaining justice for cases of online and ICT-facilitated violence. 106. States should also develop specialized, clear, efficient and transparent internal and external protocols and codes of conduct for its law enforcement officials addressing online violence against women to enable them to better understand that online violence is a form of gender-based violence that warrants a serious, traumainformed response. 107. States should provide protective measures and services for victims of online gender-based violence; this includes specialized helplines to provide support to those who have been attacked online, shelters and protection orders. 108. States should provide reparation measures, which should not, however, rely on compensation only. Such measures should include forms of restitution, rehabilitation, satisfaction and guarantees of non-repetition, combining measures that are symbolic, material, individual and collective, depending on the circumstances and the preferences of the victim. 109. States should develop their cooperation with private intermediaries and national human rights institutions, and support civil society organizations that address online violence against women. 110. States should provide education, outreach and gender-sensitive training for Internet users on online and ICT-facilitated violence against women and girls in schools and communities as a way to prevent it. 111. States should inform children and teenagers about the risks of taking, or allowing others to take, intimate images, and that the dissemination of such images is a form of gender-based violence and a crime. Girls should also learn about safety on social media platforms and the Internet, and how to protect their own privacy online. 112. States should guarantee the enforcement of strong data protection regulations and ensure the accountability of data holders in cases of breach. 113. States should protect and encourage the development of technology, including of encryption and anonymity tools that protect the rights and security of women online. 114. States should periodically publish incident reports at the national level, in cooperation with private intermediaries, and promote the creation of national observatories of online and ICT-facilitated violence against women and girls. 20