A/HRC/32/43 A. Panel presentations and discussion on human rights and international solidarity 19. Presentations were given on the topics of international human rights law and international solidarity; international solidarity as understood in the framework of the Convention on the Rights of the Child; international solidarity in international relations; financing for development and international solidarity; and international solidarity and climate justice. 20. The panel presentations, while providing an overview of the international legal framework for human rights and international solidarity, also covered the implications of international solidarity in related areas of concern. It was pointed out that international solidarity could be derived from traditional values such as the African world view known as ubuntu, which meant “I am who I am because of you”. Ubuntu embodied solidarity as a principle that underpinned the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights. Relevant articles of the Convention on the Rights of the Child were discussed, especially the ones calling for international cooperation for the universal realization of the rights of the child as an obligation of States, not only at the national level but also outside their sovereign boundaries. Regional instruments were identified as key to the implementation of international solidarity as a bottom-up process. A panellist presented international solidarity as a core principle of the African Charter and indicated that the obligation of solidarity should be read along with article 29 of that Charter, which promoted African unity. While it was recognized once again that States were the primary duty bearers for the protection and promotion of all rights, the role of regional organizations in that regard was also highlighted. 21. Discussions on globalization touched on its definition as “the manner in which the world simultaneously grows closer together and further apart in economics, politics, communications and a host of other areas”, implying that there were both positive and negative aspects to that phenomenon. In that connection, extraterritorial obligations were identified as serving a useful purpose, as they consolidated the obligations of States, both within and outside their geographic spheres of influence. During the discussion on the outcome of the third International Conference on Financing for Development, it was suggested that the text of the proposed draft declaration could capture the shortfalls that had been identified, including the lack of a firm commitment to structural change in development aid, for example in the effective implementation of the 0.7 per cent benchmark for official development assistance. Concern was raised about the consistent failure of international mechanisms to address key emerging challenges, such as the grave human rights impacts of climate change, that disproportionately affected vulnerable populations in countries with limited capacities and resources. In addition to efforts at the international level, cooperation needed to be established at the regional level, while integrating a human-rights-based approach in tackling the adverse effects of climate change. B. Comments and recommendations of a general nature on the proposed draft declaration 22. The following issues, comments and recommendations of a general nature were highlighted: (a) Four approaches were put forward for the Independent Expert to consider in moving the draft declaration forward: (i) understanding international solidarity as a precondition for the realization of rights wherein States should work together to achieve self-sufficiency; (ii) defining international solidarity solely as a principle which should 8