A/HRC/19/55 Some of them have been arrested and arbitrarily detained (India, Nepal and Nigeria). The alleged perpetrators of the aforementioned violations mostly included State actors (20) but also non-State actors (3) and unknown or unidentified actors (13). 85. As mentioned, the Americas region received most of the communications (17) sent by the mandate holder during the period concerning women defenders working on land and environmental issues, most of them related to killings and attempted killings. Other communications to this region dealt with threats and death threats (5) and harassment and intimidation (9). Alleged perpetrators in this region were mostly unidentified groups or individuals (12) followed by State and non-State actors. 86. All of the communications sent to countries in the Asia Pacific region related to women defenders working on these issues indicated State actors as the alleged perpetrators of the violations (6). Of these communications, one dealt with death threats (Philippines) and five dealt with arrest and detention (India 3, China, Nepal). 87. Two communications concerning women defenders working on land and environmental issues were sent to the African region namely to Angola and Nigeria. Journalists working on land and environmental issues 88. According to the information received by the mandate holder during the reporting period, a specific group of defenders that also appears to be at particular risk is journalists working on land and environmental issues. 89. The communications sent during the reporting period related to this group (9) indicate that the activities in which they were engaged included: presenting and producing a televised news programme, which dealt with land issues and raised concerns regarding links between national police and private security groups (Honduras); the covering of forced evictions (Uganda); writing on environmental issues (China, El Salvador, the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Russian Federation); reporting on the work of mining companies (Mexico); making video-documentaries on demonstrations related to land and environmental issues (Nigeria); and covering the exhumation of bodies (Guatemala). 90. These journalists have been killed (Honduras, Mexico); suffered physical attacks (Russian Federation, Uganda) and death threats (Honduras, El Salvador); and been subject to different forms of intimidation (Guatemala). They have also been exposed to their cameras being confiscated by police (Uganda) and subjected to raids and searches of their homes and offices, during which images and production equipment were stolen (Guatemala). Journalists working on land and environmental issues have also faced charges of espionage (Islamic Republic of Iran), been arrested (China) and been arbitrarily detained without access to lawyers (Nigeria). 91. State actors were the alleged perpetrators in a number of communications (Uganda, China, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Nigeria), but unknown perpetrators (Honduras, Guatemala, Russian Federation) and non-State actors (El Salvador, Mexico) were also cited in some communications. 92. Four of the nine communications sent regarding this group of defenders were addressed to countries in the Americas region, of which two concerned the killings of journalists (Honduras, Mexico). The communications sent to the African region (Uganda and Nigeria) during the period dealt with violations allegedly committed by State actors. One communication was sent to the region of Europe and Central Asia (Russian Federation) and one to the Asia Pacific region (China). 15