A/HRC/28/61 concept of climate justice, and in the same year, the Government of Scotland launched a £3 million Climate Justice Fund to support the development of water adaptation projects in Malawi, Rwanda, Tanzania and Zambia. At the end of 2013, the Government launched a second £3 million Climate Justice Fund. According to the Government, the second round of funding should “address specific climate justice principles through a human-rights based approach: approaches which empower vulnerable groups in decision-making and access to resources and realizing their rights – through inclusion, equality, transparency, participation, and information – and so delivering climate resilience, strengthening civic society, alleviating poverty, and benefiting the wider environment.” 89. Also in 2013, Guatemala adopted a climate change framework law that has several important elements relating to human rights, including provisions that the Government facilitate broad public participation in designing and carrying out climate change actions. Similarly, the Jordanian Ministry of the Environment published a national climate change policy in 2013 that integrates a human rights approach to climate change mitigation and adaptation. The policy lists as a short-term objective that the “interests of vulnerable groups, with emphasis on the poor, youth and gender are adequately addressed in mitigation and adaptation policies and strategies.” The policy also provides for a campaign to increase public awareness and facilitate public consultation. 90. Two other States provide good practices in ensuring that efforts to abate or adapt to climate change respect the rights of indigenous and tribal peoples. The Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) programme, which was initiated by the sixteenth Conference of the Parties to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, creates incentives for developing countries to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, including through forest conservation and sustainable management. To avoid conflicts and to protect the rights of indigenous peoples in forests that might be subject to REDD+ projects, Suriname created the REDD+ Assistants Programme, in which representatives selected by their own communities are trained by the Government to understand REDD+ and to help involve indigenous and tribal peoples in the REDD+ decision-making process. 91. In Australia, the National Indigenous Climate Change project is a forum established in 2008 by indigenous leaders to facilitate dialogue between corporate representatives, indigenous peoples and other experts about climate change and participation in carbon markets. According to the project’s webpage (www.indigenousclimatechange.com.au), the project, “(along with other organizations and alliances representing Indigenous perspectives) has worked to identify mutual opportunities with representatives of Corporate Australia and to have issues such as land tenure, native title and cultural and moral rights addressed by Government in the formulation of an emissions trading scheme.” 92. International cooperation can be found not only at the level of national Governments, but also between local municipalities. A good practice in this respect is the partnership between the cities of Mwanza, Tanzania, and Tampere, Finland. Since 2002, the cities have partnered in various environmental activities, sharing knowledge and experiences. The results include an afforestation programme, the demarcation of village woodlands, and environmental management training seminars. I. Obligations relating to members of groups in vulnerable situations 93. The human rights obligations obligation of non-discrimination in the described by the Independent Expert obligations with respect to those who 18 relating to the environment include a general application of environmental law and policy. As in his mapping report, States have additional may be particularly vulnerable to environmental