A/HRC/41/45/Add.2
Education
66.
Many interlocutors explained that they had been bullied in school on the basis of
their sexual orientation or gender identity. They felt unsafe, excluded and ostracized, and
several explained that they had dropped out of school as a result of such abuse.
67.
On 1 November 2018, the parliament approved a revision of the law on the national
education system with a view to aligning and harmonizing it with the international and
regional commitments of Mozambique, including the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable
Development. The revision is aimed at guaranteeing equitable and inclusive education for
all, promoting respect for human rights and cultivating a spirit of tolerance, solidarity and
respect for the others and their differences.
68.
Policies and guidelines to combat homophobic, biphobic and transphobic bullying in
educational settings are, however, lacking, as are support and protection systems. All issues
related to sexuality and gender identity are generally considered taboo. As a result, very
few teachers are trained in or aware of sexual and gender diversity and the school
curriculum does not cover topics that would raise awareness among and educate students on
these issues. In recent years, efforts have been made to expand comprehensive sexuality
education to increase children’s and young people’s knowledge about sexual and
reproductive health and rights, but the scope of the teaching has not been extended to cover
issues related to sexual orientation or gender identity. 24
69.
As in all other fields of life, civil society is filling some of the gaps. Lambda trained
40 schoolteachers in 2017 and 121 in 2018 on sexual diversity and gender identity from a
human rights-based approach. Interestingly, in the context of these training courses,
teachers themselves acknowledged that discrimination based on sexual orientation in the
school environment is a real problem and that there was a need to adopt specific strategies
with regard to sexual orientation and gender identity. They also highlighted the fact that
more information on these issues should be available, not only in the school environment,
but in communities and in society in general.25
70.
The Independent Expert notes that educational settings play a key role in nurturing a
sense of empathy, dispelling myths that transform into stigma, and contributing to a more
tolerant and inclusive society (A/HRC/35/36, para. 61).
2.
A vibrant civil society movement, for which the support of the State is prescribed by
the law, and yet is refused without justification
71.
The right to freedom of association is regulated by Law No. 8/91 on associations,
which stipulates that registration of an organization should not take more than 45 days (art.
5). Limitations to the right to freedom of association enshrined in the Constitution are
strictly limited to the formation of armed, military or paramilitary associations and those
that promote violence, racism, xenophobia or that pursue purposes contrary to the law (art.
52 (3)).
72.
The Independent Expert wishes to acknowledge the extraordinary work done by
Lambda, the sole organization taking upon itself to defend the lives and integrity of every
lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans persons in a country of almost 30 million persons. Thanks
to Lambda, many lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans people who had been otherwise excluded
and ostracized found a community that is accepting and enabling. The Independent Expert
is persuaded that through its work, Lambda must has saved many lives. Throughout the
visit, State and non-State interlocutors identified Lambda as the indispensable organization
in the field of sexual orientation and gender identity.
24
25
14
See United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) “Moçambique:
relatório anual 2017”.
Lambda, “É importante desmistificar mitos e tabus ligados a homossexualidade no espaço escolar”,
LambdaNews; and Lambda, “A escola é lugar para ensinar sobre o respeito às diferenças”,
LambdaNews.
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