A/HRC/42/42/Add.2 excessively focused on punishment, they can have the effect of increasing radicalization and extremism. Addressing the root causes of radicalization and violent extremism, which include a myriad of social and economic factors, can lead to more effective long-term solutions. 86. With regard to private security companies, the Working Group commends the Government of Austria for its track record in avoiding the outsourcing of government functions to private military and security companies. 87. In light of the findings relating to the foreign fighter phenomenon and the private security company industry in Austria, the Working Group recommends that the Government of Austria: (a) Ensure that the laws and policies addressing the foreign fighter phenomenon align with international human rights standards; (b) Ensure that its integration policy aligns with international human rights standards so as to ensure social cohesion rather than marginalization; (c) Adopt and finalize the national strategy on deradicalization and prevention of violent extremism, ensuring the inclusion of valuable contributions from the community and civil society organizations working on and specializing in those issues; (d) Ensure that the national strategy on deradicalization and prevention of violent extremism and the accompanying measures are not focused excessively on law enforcement, but also address the social needs that are currently being met by child services, social care and health-care services, prison and probation services, schools and other providers. 88. Good practice models, including the multi-agency approach to deradicalization, should be supported, including through funding, in order to ensure sustainability. It is critical to increase funding and to fully integrate these practices through the broadest possible participation, and to ensure that they are informed by multidisciplinary indepth research and analysis. 89. The Working Group observes that, given the myriad of actors and initiatives on foreign fighters, it is critical to ensure effective collaboration between the various entities involved in order to address the root causes that prompt individuals to travel abroad and engage as foreign fighters. Additional and ongoing research into motivational factors is critical to formulating responses that are effective in addressing the causes of the phenomenon. 90. The Government of Austria should ensure that any plan or policy on deradicalization and prevention of violent extremism should encompass a clear understanding and evaluation of the respective expertise and roles of multisectoral actors working in this domain. It should also attract the necessary resources for full implementation – not just immediately but in the medium and long term – with a budget that is based on consultation and that strikes more of a balance between expenditure on preventive measures and expenditure on social measures. It must adopt a human rights-based approach at all stages of implementation, and particular attention should be paid to the inclusion of communities that are especially affected. Clear indicators should be provided, and related programmes should be monitored and evaluated. 91. Government efforts aimed at combating the foreign fighter phenomenon should place strong emphasis on the social dimension, including integration, equality and non-discrimination, in keeping with international human rights standards and the obligations of Austria as a State party to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination and all the other core human rights instruments. 16