A/HRC/15/32 World Financial and Economic Crisis and its Impact on Development, in 2009; and the special high-level meeting of the Economic and Social Council with Bretton Woods institutions, the World Trade Organization and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, also in 2009. The Kyiv Declaration, adopted in 2008 at the International Conference on Current Challenges to Human Rights and Freedoms, viewed international solidarity as a key approach to eradicating poverty. The Declaration of the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation of 2006 and the Delhi Declaration of the IndiaAfrica Forum Summit of 2008 are also significant new developments. 4. Best practices 54. Since the earliest times, international cooperation has been reflected in numerous good practices by many countries and other actors across all regions. For several decades, there have been far-reaching efforts and practices of international assistance and cooperation. The practices described below are only some illustrative examples from the answers sent by respondents. 55. In the constitutions of Guyana and Colombia, the principle of solidarity finds express and implicit recognition. In Tunisia the National Solidarity Fund is the final outcome of a long process towards the implementation of a solidarity system for development and the fight against poverty. Well-anchored in the institutional landscape of the country, this fund is an instrument aimed at fighting poverty. The extension of social security to vulnerable social groups and commitments to poverty eradication constitute a good practice in Suriname; the Alternativa Bolivariana para los Pueblos de Nuestra América stands for the principles of solidarity, genuine cooperation and complementarity among Member States, sustainable development based on the well-being of peoples and their natural environment. Best practices among other stakeholders include the Global Code of Ethics for Tourism of the World Tourism Organization and open source technologies, such as Ushahidi and Frontline SMS to strengthen cooperation, awareness and response in crisis situations and human rights monitoring. Across national borders, there is an ever increasing number of alliances, such as Medecins sans Frontières and Avocats sans Frontières, which bear witness to an abundance of goodwill that exists across the world. 56. Some countries, as a matter of principle and respect for State sovereignty and in accordance with General Assembly resolution 46/182, only provide humanitarian assistance at the express request of the recipient country, in accordance with its priorities. The foreign policy of Brazil in the area of the human right to food includes international cooperation actions and the exchange of best practices aimed at achieving long-term solutions to food insecurity problems. Its policies in international cooperation are oriented towards overcoming obstacles to development, including tariffs and agricultural subsidies in developed countries, patents that prevent access to technology, and unsustainable debt. Its initiatives of South-South cooperation are framed in governmental policies aimed at overcoming these obstacles by establishing new mechanisms of partnership, such as the Forum India, Brazil and South Africa. IV. Concluding remarks: international solidarity in an interdependent world 57. On the basis of the above, the independent expert proposes that the definition of international solidarity be refined to denote the union of interests, purpose and actions among States and social cohesion between them, based on the interdependence of States and other actors to preserve the order and very survival of international society, and to achieve common goals that require international cooperation and collective action. Global GE.10-14914 17