A/HRC/33/24
E.
Indivisibility of human rights
57.
Applying a rights-based approach is directed towards the realization of all human
rights – civil, cultural, economic, political and social – recognizing that human rights are
indivisible. The 2030 Agenda covers issues related to all human rights and should be seen
as an indivisible agenda, which will require integration across different sectors and must
resist approaches rigidly divided by sector.11
58.
Reducing maternal mortality and morbidity in accordance with human rights
obligations will require efforts on multiple targets of the Sustainable Development Goals.
While target 3.1 is the most directly concerned with maternal mortality as a distinct issue,
true progress in reducing maternal mortality requires action across the entirety of Goal 3
concerning healthy lives. Focused attention is needed to ensure a holistic and integrated
approach to ensuring health systems that include universal health care, including sexual and
reproductive health, comprehensive service provision, a functioning referral system and
mechanisms for accountability. That approach will require actions to strengthen health
systems and support health workers. Delivering on Goal 3 also requires dedicated efforts to
eliminate discrimination in health care and uphold professional standards of conduct and
ethics and respect for informed consent and patient privacy and confidentiality.
59.
Furthermore, progress in reducing maternal mortality is integrally linked to women’s
and girls’ status in society, which requires action across all of the other Sustainable
Development Goals. For example, target 5.1 on the elimination of discrimination against
women should include examination of laws that require women to obtain third party
consent (of their husband, parent or multiple medical professionals) in order to access
sexual and reproductive health services or information, as well as laws that criminalize
adult consensual sex, and which criminalize sexual and reproductive health services only
required by women, such as abortion or emergency contraception. Eliminating violence,
including violence against women (targets 16.1 and 5.2), is fundamental to addressing
patterns of maternal mortality and morbidity, as violence, including sexual violence, at
home and in the community, including crisis situations, has a direct impact on women’s and
girls’ ability or willingness to access health services. Eliminating child and forced marriage
(target 5.3) is critical, as that is a major contributor to girls and adolescents becoming
pregnant before they are physically or mentally mature enough and associated mortalities
and morbidities. Other Sustainable Development Goals cover critical social and underlying
determinants of health, such as decent work, access to housing and safe water and
sanitation, which are fundamental to women’s human rights, including sexual and
reproductive health and rights, and as emphasized in the technical guidance.
60.
Another example is Sustainable Development Goal 4 on education. Enabling girls to
remain in school rather than arranging their marriage, and ensuring that their education
includes comprehensive sexuality education to enable informed decision-making about
their reproduction and sexuality, are indispensable interventions to support improved
enjoyment of sexual and reproductive health and rights and reduced maternal mortality and
morbidity.
61.
The preceding section has highlighted the importance of paying attention to
inequalities in applying a rights-based approach to maternal mortality, which is integrally
linked to the targets set under Goal 10 of the Sustainable Development Goals on reducing
11
14
OHCHR has developed a table that links all of the Sustainable Development Goals to the relevant
human rights obligations, which demonstrates the need for such a holistic approach. Available from
http://ohchr.org/Documents/Issues/MDGs/Post2015/SDG_HR_Table.pdf.
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