A/HRC/4/71 page 30 • Importance of private sector in fighting corruption. In private sector, corporate social responsibility and corporate compliance are separate methods within corporations. The first one deals with human rights and environmental protection issues while the second one is related to handling corruption issues; • Gap between excellent constitutional and legislative frameworks and weak implementation systems: example of South Africa; • Monitoring public expenditures in provinces - site of actual service delivery; • Effective participation of citizens goes beyond mere consultation; • Corruption and ineffective use of resources starts at the planning and resource allocation stage when there is a lack of accurate analysis of citizens’ needs. Without effective planning based on the assessment of needs effective reporting and monitoring are impossible; • Need to pursue multiple approaches to rights-based monitoring and accountability to service delivery, each with a corresponding advocacy strategy at the macro and microlevels; • Need to ensure a balance between supply and demand aspects of corruption and accountability; • Need to strengthen capacity of duty-bearers to provide the information, explanations and justifications as well as capacity of rights holders to demand, access and analyse information; • Media have a crucial role in exposing both human rights violations and corruption cases but there are also risks involved; • In the context of absence of rule of law and accountability the potential role of the media is very limited and can even be negative unless internal self-regulation and accountability are applied. In such cases the best that can be done is to shed light on these issues and make them known to citizens. In some cases mass media may also help bring pressure to bear on politicians who lack political will to act; • Importance of close linkages between a variety of sectors and actors: national human rights institutions and civil society, civil society and anti-corruption agencies, pressure on supply side in North and demand side in South, etc.; • Need to learn from human rights movements’ notable persistence and consistency; • Importance of cultivating a culture of transparency. People do not necessarily see certain acts as corruption.