A/HRC/4/71 page 32 • Indicators need to be developed to clearly demonstrate the correlation of corruption and human rights to facilitate further legal analysis on the links between them; • Need for transparency indices that show positive developments, not just negative; • Need to look at “grand” corruption also; most States, for political reasons, focus on “petty”; • Need to examine the role of actors abroad who participate in or incite corruption, including companies, third party governments, donors, lawyers who give legal cover, etc. 2. How human rights and good governance principles can help in fighting corruption • Developing international rules covering access to information. A potential leadership role for the United Nations; • Meaning of right to access to information needs to be explicated in more detail, and there may be a case for setting a new standard to define this right in more detail; • Importance of taking into account historical context when designing measures and reform programmes was underlined by Mr. Zbigniew Ziobro, Minister of Justice of the Republic of Poland. He referred to the examples of former communist States reacting to the previous systems, where the State acted as the protector of a political order rather than its citizens, by taking steps to weaken State controls, resulting in the unintended consequence of unbridled corruption; • Laws are not self-executing. People and institutions must implement the laws to make them operational. Institutions and staff need resources to implement the laws. Strong commitment from all stakeholders, especially from Government is important; • An independent national human rights institution, well resourced can effectively enhance and contribute significantly to the promotion and protection of human rights in combating corruption. 3. Role of civil society, private sector and media • Support implementation of corporate compliance programmes in fighting corruption; • Expand rights-based understanding within the United Nations to include the recognition of social accountability as a right not merely as a constitutional principle; • Address link between armed conflict, human rights and corruption; • Need to develop common definitions;