A/HRC/7/18 page 18 so as to include all residents within a reasonable time frame, the Special Rapporteur would also like to express his concern that the temporary registration certificates can neither be used to claim citizenship nor can they be seen as a long-term solution. In this context, he encourages the Government to repeal or amend the 1982 Citizenship Law and ensure the compliance of its legislation with the country’s international human rights obligations. 80. The Special Rapporteur is also concerned at recent reports of human rights violations in Kayin State, which include extrajudicial killings, attacks on civilians and forced displacement. These follow the 2006-2007 military offensives in Kayin State perpetrated by the armed forces against civilians. The Special Rapporteur urges the authorities to provide full details of alleged crimes and to press for the cessation of hostilities by all parties. Widespread violence increased in 2007 in mountain areas outside military control in the Toungoo, Nyaunglebin and Papun Districts and in eastern Bago Division. For reliable observers, this is the worst humanitarian situation since the 1996-1997 military campaign. E. Situation of children 81. The Special Rapporteur is extremely concerned regarding the figures reported by UNICEF in its annual report, entitled “The state of the world’s children”, that every day hundreds of children under the age of 5 die from preventable diseases in Myanmar. The mortality rate is a critical indicator of the well-being of children. The main cause of child deaths is acute respiratory infection, followed by pneumonia, diarrhoea and septicaemia. According to the report, there has been a drop in child mortality of 1.6 per cent per year in the country between 1990 and 2006. 82. The Special Rapporteur noted with satisfaction that the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict visited Myanmar in the framework of her mandate (Security Council resolution 1612 (2005)) in June 2007. The Special Rapporteur commended the report of the Secretary-General on Children and Armed Conflict in Myanmar presented to the Security Council Working Group on Children and Armed Conflict (S/2007/666), noting that the issue of recruitment and use of children continues to be a problem in Myanmar both with regard to the Government and various non-State actors, including the Karen National Union, the Karenni National Progressive Party, the Wa State Army and the Shan State Army-South. The work of the Working Group and the mechanism set in place by Security Council resolution 1612 (2005) have led to the commitment by some parties to stop this practice. The Special Rapporteur takes note of the Government’s communication of 14 February 2008 addressed to him, in which the Government highlighted the measures it had taken to address the situation of the recruitment of child soldiers in the country. 83. According to a recent report, 968,000 children do not attend primary school. While this figure includes children in a number of areas, it presumably also includes displaced children. According to Government statistics, 97.58 per cent of primary school-age children are enrolled in school.