A/HRC/37/67
instrument. He further suggested that the provision discussing due diligence procedures
should be placed in a different section.
86.
Delegations signalled their approval for including a section on legal liability,
although some suggested that that section should be clearer and more concise. Some
recognized legal liability could also encompass natural persons. Most delegations and
NGOs agreed that criminal, civil and administrative liability should attach to legal entities,
and some delegations shared national laws that imposed those types of liability on
companies. It was noted that the different types of liability were complementary; however,
some delegations were concerned at the lack of differentiation among them. In their view,
differentiated language was needed to reflect whether a provision referred to criminal, civil
or administrative liability. Furthermore, it was noted that some legal systems did not allow
for the imposition of criminal liability on legal entities; thus, provisions requiring such
liability would be inappropriate. States should have the flexibility to choose how best to
incorporate the treaty into national law. Concerns were also raised about the
appropriateness of imposing international obligations on legal entities.
87.
Some delegations called for greater detail and clear, minimum standards regarding
the measures States must take to establish the different forms of legal liability in their
jurisdictions. Others appreciated the flexibility provided for in the elements, allowing States
to adopt their own legal measures in accordance with their national systems.
88.
It was noted that the two provisions dealing with the commission and attempt of
criminal offences were unnecessary given the general provision in the section covering
civil, criminal and administrative offences. It was also questioned why the term
“international applicable human rights instruments” was used in those sections when other
sections used different terminology.
89.
Clarification was sought as to the meaning of the provision establishing civil
liability for companies for participating in the planning, preparation, direction of or benefit
from human rights violations caused by other companies, with one delegation suggesting
that that should cover indirect benefits as well. Similarly, some delegations called for more
precision as to the contours of the provisions dealing with immunities, State responsibility
for the actions of companies under their control, and complicity. Regarding the issue of
complicity, it was queried whether States would automatically become responsible for any
harm committed by a company.
90.
One delegation also considered that the provision promoting decent work in supply
chains fell outside the scope of the mandate given by resolution 26/9.
91.
It was suggested that that language should be added to the section to address parent
company liability. Additionally, an NGO suggested that international crimes should be
included in the section.
F.
Panel VI. Access to justice, effective remedy and guarantees of nonrepetition
92.
The first panellist noted that a binding instrument must build on and complement
existing international standards, such as the Guiding Principles. The remedy process should
be sensitive to the experiences of different groups of rights-holders, requiring consideration
of the gender dimension and preventing victimization of rights-holders and human rights
defenders seeking remedies. Furthermore, rights-holders must be able to seek, obtain and
enforce different types of remedies.
93.
The second panellist suggested strengthening the provision on legal aid by
establishing an online resource that would provide information to victims, such as the
relevant law and the applicable burden of proof, and would link victims to NGOs and legal
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