A/HRC/43/18
full equality in law and practice, particularly for the most vulnerable and marginalized
communities. This could include targeted affirmative action in recruitment programmes for
public offices, law enforcement bodies, and education and health institutions so that they
reflect the diversity of the population of Myanmar. To strengthen inclusion, a system of
multilingual community liaison officers could be established within public institutions,
including States administrations, police, and education and health facilities to help overcome
language barriers and to form a bridge between communities and State institutions.
37.
Real or perceived exclusion of minority communities from equitable resource-sharing
has generated grievances. This dimension is central to the peace process as ethnic groups
have long demanded a devolved system of governance whereby ethnic communities have
greater control over their land and natural resources. Development projects, including
concessions for natural resource extraction, should only be approved where environmental,
social and human rights safeguards are respected, after effective consultation and
participation of affected communities, and in accordance with relevant domestic and
international legal standards. The customary rights of ownership and possession over lands
should also be recognized.
38.
The Government has begun important reforms in the education system which are an
opportunity to protect the ethnic, cultural, linguistic and religious identity of minorities. New
initiatives are underway in the context of education reforms to develop ethnic language
curricula and promote teaching in some ethnic languages in Government schools. Children
from minority communities should be able to exercise the right to learn in their mother tongue
in addition to the mainstream curriculum. Such policy options should be made through a
decentralized, participatory approach, and children should be given a choice regarding the
language of instruction, as there are many minority languages in the country. Furthermore,
the Government should be encouraged to engage constructively with non-State education
actors, some of which provide extensive services in ethnic languages outside the Government
system, particularly to highly vulnerable and marginalized children in areas affected by
armed conflict. National curricula and textbooks must be conceived as vehicles to overcome
stereotypes, prejudices and mistrust so that differences are accepted and celebrated as part of
the national fabric. The Government reports it has begun to promote social cohesion through
civics education in schools and this should be encouraged. All children should have the
opportunity to learn about the history, culture, religion, identity, and contribution of all
communities to foster an understanding of commonalities and shared values to pave the way
for peaceful coexistence.
39.
The role of political and religious leaders in speaking out firmly and promptly against
intolerance, discriminatory stereotyping and instances of hate speech is critical.62 The Beirut
Declaration and its 18 Commitments on “Faith for Rights” 63, along with positive examples
from other countries,64 can provide a roadmap in this regard. In developing strategies to
counter the impact of hate messages, civil society initiatives such as the “Panzagar (flower
speech)” campaign should be encouraged. The National Reconciliation and Peace Centre is
also undertaking programs to promote peace and conflict resolution among students and
youth.
40.
A greater consciousness of, and respect for, diversity among the majority community
is essential to create a space for unity and equality in Myanmar. This requires leadership at
all levels to counteract the effects of decades of harmful ethno-nationalism and allow for
space for the people of Myanmar to forge a national identity that brings people together as
one. This would be greatly supported by people-led, nationally-owned and context sensitive
comprehensive measures aimed at individual and collective healing and trust-building.
62
A/HRC/22/17/Add.4, appendix, para. 36 and A/HRC/40/58, annex II.
A/HRC/40/58, annexes I and II. These are guidance developed in collaboration with the United Nations, international
human rights mechanisms and faith actors, designed to empower the latter to optimize their impact as human rights
defenders and to address incitement to hatred. The #Faith4Rights toolkit, which translates this vision into 18 practical
modules of peer-to-peer learning for faith actors, academic institutions and training experts, is a useful resource.
64 The OHCHR Anti-Discrimination Database, for example, provides searchable access to measures
taken at the international, regional and national levels to combat racism, racial discrimination,
xenophobia and related intolerance. Reports of the Special Rapporteurs on minority issues, on racism
and on freedom of religion or belief are also useful resources.
63
12
Select target paragraph3
Connect to a paragraph
Connect to an entity
Disable highlights
Add to table of contents