A/HRC/40/CRP.1 14 May, members of the SPLA’s Tiger division attacked the compound under the guise of searching for rebels.832 While no opposition fighters were found in the compound, it resulted in the killing of five students (boys) and three ECC staff as well as two IDPs who were sheltering at the school.833 The premises were looted over the course of the 12 hour attack including breaking into the safe to steal the teachers’ salaries. 834 This incident is more fully described below in the section on Central Equatoria. The Commission underscores that directing attacks against civilian objects, including schools, is a violation of international humanitarian law. Further, directing attacks against buildings dedicated to educational purposes where there is no indication that the building has lost its protected status is an international crime punishable under Article 5(e) of the Draft Statute of the Hybrid Court for South Sudan. f) Employment Opportunities for Youth South Sudan has a large youth population with 51 percent of the population under 18 years of age and 72 percent of the population under 30 years of age. 835 More than 50 percent of youth are under-employed and only 12 percent are formally employed.836 Youth face complex challenges obstructing them from entering the workforce including low levels of education including lack of basic literacy and numeracy skills, lack of business management knowledge, psychosocial challenges, and barriers to accessing vocational training opportunities.837 In addition, trauma-related mental health disorders may pose barriers to their participation in community and work life. Reducing the militarisation of youth and preventing their involvement in violence and crime going forward after the peace agreement will require, among other things, greater opportunities for youth in South Sudan. However, a shrinking economy presents a challenge in addressing high youth unemployment and under-employment. The importance of this issue has been highlighted in 2018 by youth threatening and attacking humanitarian workers in Malakal as well as Bunj, Maban County in Upper Nile State.838 Both situations were reportedly sparked by frustration at the perceived lack of youth employment opportunities. In Malakal, youth groups threatened aid workers while in Bunj, the protests became violent leading to looting and burning of humanitarian premises and assets. Both situations resulted in the suspension of humanitarian assistance, and in Bunj approximately 400 humanitarian workers had to be relocated.839 Women and girls face particular barriers to vocational training as a result of gender norms dictating that they remain in the home and undertake domestic work. However, girls who have been impacted by the conflict also have significantly lower levels of income generating activities.840 This is in part related to heightened insecurity limiting their mobility and therefore their ability to go out to work, but also importantly because the conflict has increased the likelihood of early marriage among girls. The insecurity has incentivized both voluntary and forced marriage of girls both for security and economic reasons. 841 832 Witness 699, ERN 101521-101529, para. 11; Witness 723, ERN 101454-101461, paras. 9, 20, 21; Witness 741, ERN 101417101457, para. 21. 833 Witness 741, ERN 101417-101457, para. 6; Witness 703, ERN 101470-101475, paras. 8-11; Witness 764, ERN 101946-101954, para. 6; Witness 699, ERN 101521-101529, paras. 7, 9; Witness 717, ERN 101388-101399, para. 15; Witness 723, ERN 101454101461, para. 18; Confidential Source ERN D113590-D113600; Confidential Source, ERN D115036-D115084. 834 Witness 689, ERN 101400-101411, paras. 7, 13-14; Witness 741, ERN 101417-101457, para. 10; Witness 700, ERN 101462101469, para. 14; Witness 703, ERN 101470-101475, para. 6; Witness 764, ERN 101946-101954, para. 4; Witness 699, ERN 101521-101529, paras. 10, 16; Witness 723, ERN 101454-101461, para. 21. 835 Republic of South Sudan, National Bureau of Statistics, http://www.ssnbss.org/; World Bank, Project Information Document: Economic Empowerment Training of Conflict-Affected Youth, 2018. 836 African Development Bank Group, “2018 African Economic Outlook: South Sudan”, 2018. 837 World Bank, “Project Information Document: Economic Empowerment Training of Conflict-Affected Youth”, 2018. 838 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on South Sudan (covering the period from 4 June to 1 September 2018, S/2018/831, 11 September 2018. 839 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on South Sudan (covering the period from 4 June to 1 September 2018, S/2018/831, 11 September 2018. 840 Pape and Phipps, “Impact of Conflict on Adolescent Girls in South Sudan”, World Bank Group, July 2018. 841 Pape and Phipps, “Impact of Conflict on Adolescent Girls in South Sudan”, World Bank Group, July 2018. 111