A/HRC/40/CRP.1 Contents I. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 6 II. Mandate/Methodology........................................................................................................................................... 6 A. Mandate ................................................................................................................................................................. 6 B. Methodology.......................................................................................................................................................... 7 1. Standard of Proof .............................................................................................................................................. 7 2. Protection of Victims and Witnesses ................................................................................................................. 9 The Commission’s Work ..................................................................................................................................... 10 C. III. Background........................................................................................................................................................ 100 A. Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan (2015) ...................................... 100 B. Breakdown of the ARCSS ................................................................................................................................... 11 C. High Level Revitalization Forum ........................................................................................................................ 12 1. Agreement of Cessassion of Hostilities, December 2017 ............................................................................... 12 2. Second Phase of High Level Revitalization Forum......................................................................................... 13 3. Khartoum Declaration, June 2018 ................................................................................................................... 13 4. Agreements on Security Arrangements and Governance, July and August 2018 ........................................... 14 D. Revitalized Agreement on the Resolution of the Conflict in the Republic of South Sudan .............................. 144 IV. Current Context ................................................................................................................................................... 16 A. Political and Security Context ............................................................................................................................. 16 1. Implementation of the Revitalised Peace Agreement ...................................................................................... 16 2. Security Situation and Implementation of R-ARCSS’s Security Provisions .................................................. 18 3. Targeted Sanctions and Arms Embargo .......................................................................................................... 22 4. Attacks on the United Nations and Humanitarian Actors ............................................................................... 23 5. Repression of Freedom of Expression and the Press ....................................................................................... 25 6. Political Detainees and “Prisoners of War” ..................................................................................................... 28 7. Economy ......................................................................................................................................................... 29 B. Humanitarian Situation ........................................................................................................................................ 31 1. Starvation and Food Insecurity........................................................................................................................ 31 2. Denial of Humanitarian Access ....................................................................................................................... 33 3. Displacement ................................................................................................................................................... 34 4. Health .............................................................................................................................................................. 37 V. Applicable Law and Legal Developments ........................................................................................................... 40 A. International Human Rights Law......................................................................................................................... 40 1. B. International Humanitarian Law .......................................................................................................................... 43 C. International Criminal Law.................................................................................................................................. 45 D. 2 Treaties to which South Sudan Became a Party in 2018 ................................................................................. 42 1. Incorporation of International Crimes into Domestic Law .............................................................................. 45 2. Statute of the Hybrid Court of South Sudan .................................................................................................... 46 3. Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court.............................................................................................. 47 4. Prosecution Outside South Sudan for International Crimes Committed in South Sudan ................................ 48 Domestic Law ...................................................................................................................................................... 49