A/HRC/40/CRP.1 55 out of 282 SPLA-IO positions, and one out of 105 SSOA positions.94 In mid-January 2019, it was announced that a pilot cantonment site had been identified in Yei which would “kickoff” the cantonment process; however, the Yei River State Government subsequently reportedly declined to approve the location.95 It is crucial that the parties should continue to work through the impediments, and not permit the inevitable delays in the implementation of their cantonment obligations to lead to a resumption of fighting. The Strategic Defence and Security Review (SDSR) process 96 depends upon data derived from the verification of cantoned forces to identify which personnel are suitable for retention in the unified forces, and which should be diverted into the DDR process. 97 Without complete cantonment, this data will not be fully available. Furthermore, the SDSR Board, which is tasked to conduct the review, has not yet started work due to the security concerns of its SPLA-IO members about working in Juba.98 Accordingly, it will be some time still before the review will commence. The unification of former adversaries into the national unified forces remains a long way off given that it is wholly reliant on the completion of cantonment, SDSR, and DDR screening. Work has not yet begun to develop the training curriculum for the unified forces, nor is it clear which body will have responsibility for this. Far from requiring combat training (weapons and tactics), the most pressing need is for training in those factors which restrain and control soldiers on the battlefield, which have been most problematic during the current conflict and have resulted in violations, i.e. cultural and gender awareness, international humanitarian law, tactical-level leadership, logistical provision, command and control processes.99 Furthermore, although the R-ARCSS required civilian buildings to be demilitarized, many remain occupied by troops from all sides.100 For example, in mid-December, CTSAMVM reported that the SPLA-IO was still occupying schools in seven locations while the SPLA were occupying schools, churches and other civilian buildings in 18 locations; however, it noted that the Parties were in the process of vacating a number of those premises.101 The Commission has continued to receive reports of the ongoing recruitment of forces, particularly in Unity State.102 Multiple witnesses have told the Commission of recruitment and training by the SPLA and the SPLA-IO (TD) ongoing in Unity State, particularly in the area of Rubkuai in northern Mayendit County, in September and October 2018.103 Government Authorities have characterised the above as being simply a part of the ongoing integration of the SPLA-IO (TD) into the SPLA.104 The Commission has also received reports of recruitment by NAS occurring in Central Equatoria in September 2018, 94 CTSAMVM Technical Committee, Seventh Meeting Minutes, Juba, South Sudan, January 16-19, 2019, p. 11. Sudan Tribune, South Sudan peace partners to launch pilot project for unified army, 13 January 2019; South Sudan News Agency, South Sudan Joint Defense Board to visit cantonment sites, vows to unify troops, 16 January 2019; Radio Tamazuj, Parties visit pilot joint force assembly area in Yei, 16 January 2019; Radio Tamazuj, Yei cabinet declines to approve plan for cantonment site, 23 January 2019. 96 R-ARCSS, Article 2.5.4. 97 R-ARCSS, Article 2.2.2 refers to “registration of personnel” and “screening [for suitability]”. This task is the responsibility of the JTSC. 98 R-JMEC, Progress Report No. 4: On the Status of Implementation of the R-ARCSS 2018, 10 December 2018. 99 Confidential Meeting, 15 December 2018. 100 R-ARCSS Article 2.2.3.1 with a deadline of “immediately”. The CTSAMVM Technical Committee 5 th Meeting Minutes, 27-28 November 2018 reported “parties will vacate all civil buildings… (ongoing)… increasingly, Commanders on the ground are aware of the requirement, but claim to be waiting to receive orders from their chain of command [i.e. the JDB]”. 101 CTSAMVM Technical Committee, Sixth Meeting Minutes, 18-19 December 2018, pp. 10-11. 102 See also CTSAMVM Technical Committee, Sixth Meeting Minutes, 18-19 December 2018 which found limited evidence of enlistment of youth into the SPLA-IO in Kuajena County of Western Bahr el Ghazal. See also CTSAMVM, Technical Committee Meeting Minutes No. 7, 16-19 January 2019 noting the “disappointing” speed of progress on this issue. 103 Witness 839, ERN 101626-101631, para. 13; Witness 837, ERN 101638-101642, para. 10; Confidential Meeting, Bentiu, 21 September 2018. 104 Meeting with Acting Governor of Southern Liech State, Leer, 4 October 2018; CTSAMVM, Technical Committee, Fourth Meeting Minutes, Khartoum, Sudan, 7-8 November 2018; CTSAMVM, Report (No.1) to RJMEC Plenary, Addis Ababa, 19 November 2018. 95 21