A/HRC/40/CRP.1 sanctions involving a travel ban and asset freeze imposed in 2015 against SPLA officers: Lieutenant General Gabriel Jok Riak, Major General Marial Chanuong Yol Mangok, and Major General Santino Deng Wol; and SPLA-IO commanders: 1st Lieutenant General Simon Gatwech Dual, Lieutenant General James Koang Chuol Ranley and Major General Peter Gatdet Jaka.115 It further added General Paul Malong Awan and Lieutenant General Malek Reuben Riak Rengu to its sanctions list. Despite their inclusion on the sanctions list, President Kiir promoted Lt. Gen. Jok Riak to the position of SPLA Chief of General Staff on 3 May 2018,116 and Lt. Gen. Malek Reuben Riak Rengu to the position of Deputy Minister of Defence and Veteran Affairs of 24 September 2018.117 President Kiir had also promoted Maj. Gen. Marial Chanuong Yol Mangok as Head of Army Operations, Training and Intelligence, and Maj. Gen. Santino Deng Wol as the Head of Ground Forces in December 2017 who are also on the sanctions list.118 4. Attacks on the United Nations and Humanitarian Actors For the third consecutive year, South Sudan has been described as the most dangerous place in the world for humanitarian workers. 119 Fourteen humanitarian workers were killed in South Sudan in 2018 bringing the number of humanitarian workers killed since the beginning of the conflict to 112.120 In the first six months of the year, 122 incidents of violence against humanitarian personnel were reported to OCHA.121 In the first half 2018, nearly half the violent incidents against humanitarians occurred in Unity and Central Equatoria States,122 corresponding with the areas sustaining the highest levels of conflict during the same period. In February 2018, two humanitarian aid workers were killed during fighting in Koch County, Unity State. In April, following renewed fighting in multiple locations in Unity there were an additional three fatalities among humanitarian aid workers. One was killed by armed men while in a clearly marked NGO vehicle undertaking humanitarian activities. Another was shot and killed while fleeing from crossfire during inter-communal clashes outside a NGO health facility. The third was shot and killed while returning to check on a health clinic which had been looted. In May, a staff member of a local NGO was caught in crossfire while working at a health clinic.123 In June 2018 alone, UNMISS patrols came under direct fire three times. On 4 June, an UNMISS patrol encountered small arms fire from unidentified armed men in an area controlled by SPLM/A-IO near Rubkway in southern Unity. Four days later, on 8 June, an integrated UNMISS patrol again came under direct and sustained fire in Rubkway from 80 to 100 armed men later confirmed to be from the SPLA. 124 On 26 June 2018, UNMISS 115 UNSC Resolution 2206 (2015), S/RES/2206 (2015). Sudan Tribune, “South Sudan president appoints new army chief of staff”, 3 May 2018. 117 Radio Tamazuj, “Kiir appoints blacklisted general as deputy defense minister”, 24 September 2018. 118 UN Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on South Sudan (covering the period from 15 November 2017 to 16 February 2018, S/2018/163, 28 February 2018; Africa News, South Sudan’s Kiir Promotes Three Generals Facing UN Sanctions, 16 December 2017. 119 Stoddard, A et al., “Aid worker security report: Figures at a glance”, Humanitarian Outcomes, 2018. 120 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on South Sudan (covering the period from 4 June to 1 September 2018), S/2018/831, 11 September 2018; OCHA, South Sudan: Humanitarian Access Review (January – June 2018), 15 August 2018; OCHA, South Sudan: Humanitarian Access Snapshot (July 2018), 13 August 2018; OCHA, South Sudan: Humanitarian Access Snapshot (September 2018), 10 October 2018; OCHA, South Sudan: Humanitarian Access Snapshot (October 2018), 13 November 2018; OCHA, South Sudan: Humanitarian Access Snapshot (November 2018), 7 December 2018; OCHA, South Sudan: Humanitarian Access Snapshot (December 2018), 9 January 2019. 121 OCHA, South Sudan: Humanitarian Access Review (January – June 2018), 15 August 2018. This encompassed violence which was politically or economically motivated as well as exposure to incidental violence directly affecting humanitarian personnel while on duty (e.g. threats of violence, harassment, physical assault, detention/arrest, robbery). 122 OCHA, South Sudan: Humanitarian Access Review (January – June 2018), 15 August 2018. 123 United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on South Sudan (covering the period from 17 February to 3 June 2018), S/2018/609, 14 June 2018. 124 Letter dated 29 June 2018 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council, S/2018/653; United Nations Security Council, Report of the Secretary-General on South Sudan (covering the period from 4 June to 1 September 2018), S/2018/831, 11 September 2018. 116 23