A/HRC/40/CRP.1 3. Creation of the Twenty-eight and Thirty-two States ..................................................................................... 115 4. Impact of the creation of the Twenty-eight and Thirty-two States ................................................................ 118 5. Revitalized Peace Agreement ........................................................................................................................ 121 6. The Way Forward: Inclusivity, Transparency and Engagement ................................................................... 123 E. Political Economy and the Conflict ................................................................................................................... 124 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................... 124 2. South Sudan’s Oil Sector: Economy, Conflicts and Human Rights .............................................................. 125 3. Other Resources as Drivers of Armed Conflict and Human Rights Violations ............................................ 139 VII. Emblematic Incidents ...................................................................................................................................... 1411 A. Unity State, 2018 ............................................................................................................................................. 1411 1. Background ................................................................................................................................................. 1411 2. Southern Unity Offensive, April to June 2018 .............................................................................................. 143 3. Reintegration and Recruitment, September and October 2018 ..................................................................... 148 4. Violations and Alleged Crimes ..................................................................................................................... 148 5. Responsibility for Violations and Alleged Crimes ........................................................................................ 150 B. Central Equatoria State, 2018 ............................................................................................................................ 152 1. Background and Current Situation ................................................................................................................ 152 2. SPLA Violations ........................................................................................................................................... 154 3. SPLA-IO (RM) Violations ............................................................................................................................ 156 4. Attack on Emmanuel Christian College Compound, Goli, 14 May 2018 ..................................................... 156 5. Violations and Alleged Crimes ..................................................................................................................... 159 6. Responsibility ................................................................................................................................................ 160 C. Western Bahr el Ghazal State, 2018 .................................................................................................................. 162 1. Background ................................................................................................................................................... 162 2. Wau Triangle, Mid-June to November 2018 ................................................................................................. 164 3. Wadhalelo, 2017 - 2018 ................................................................................................................................ 168 4. Violations and Alleged Crimes ..................................................................................................................... 173 5. Responsibility for Violations and Alleged Crimes ........................................................................................ 174 VIII. Accountability and Transitional Justice ............................................................................................................. 176 A. Transitional Justice Framework ......................................................................................................................... 178 1. Normative Framework for Transitional Justice ............................................................................................. 178 2. Goals of a Transitional Justice Framework ................................................................................................... 181 B. Transitional Justice Framework in South Sudan ............................................................................................... 182 1. Impact of the Revitalized Agreement on the Chapter V Transitional Justice Institutions ............................. 182 2. Challenges and Dilemmas ............................................................................................................................. 187 3. Adapting Transitional Justice Responses ...................................................................................................... 189 4. The National Dialogue .................................................................................................................................. 190 C. Accountability ................................................................................................................................................... 191 1. Amnesties and Accountability....................................................................................................................... 193 2. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................................... 194 D. 4 Domestic Criminal Justice Context ................................................................................................................... 194 3. Uneven Geographic Access to Justice ........................................................................................................... 195 4. Prolonged and Arbitrary Detention and Case Management .......................................................................... 196