A/HRC/12/5* Introduction 1. The Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review (UPR), established in accordance with Human Rights Council resolution 5/1 of 18 June 2007, held its fifth session from 4 to 15 May 2009. The review of Chad was held at the 4th meeting on 5 May 2009. The delegation of Chad was headed by H.E. Abderaman Djasnabaille, Minister in charge of Human Rights and promotion of liberties. At its 8th meeting, on 8 May 2009, the Working Group adopted the present report on Chad. 2. On 8 September 2008, the Human Rights Council selected the following group of rapporteurs (troika) to facilitate the review of Chad: France, Slovenia and Zambia. 3. In accordance with paragraph 15 of the annex to resolution 5/1, the following documents were issued for the review of Chad: (a) A written presentation made in accordance with paragraph 15 (a) (A/HRC/WG.6/5/TCD/1); (b) A compilation prepared by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in accordance with paragraph 15 (b) (A/HRC/WG.6/5/TCD/2); (c) A summary prepared by OHCHR in accordance with paragraph 15 (c) (A/HRC/WG.6/5/TCD/3). 4. A list of questions prepared in advance by Argentina, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Sweden, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland was transmitted to Chad through the troika. These questions are available on the extranet of the UPR. I. Summary of the proceedings of the review process A. Presentation by the State under review 5. The delegation states that, since achieving national and international sovereignty on 11 August 1960, Chad has undergone a period of political instability characterized by armed rebellions and intercommunity conflicts which were characterized by and encouraged serious human rights violations. It notes that this situation unfortunately led to the outbreak of civil war in 1979 and brought to power the Chad National Liberation Front, FROLINAT, which installed a transitional Government of national unity. This Government set up a court martial, which carried out public executions in order to put an end to the crime wave which was sweeping the country at that time. 6. The delegation adds that the assumption of power by Hissein Habré on 7 June 1982 was marked by serious human rights violations and that, according to the commission of inquiry set up following the fall of Hissein Habré’s regime, over 40,000 people were killed, excluding the victims of collateral damage. So grave were the violations identified by the commission that the victims brought national and international legal proceedings, to which the Government of Chad lent its full support; their outcome is eagerly awaited. 7. The delegation states that, on 1 December 1990, the Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS) came to power, bringing Hissein Habré’s dictatorship to an end. This led to the installation of a legal, political and institutional framework conducive to the establishment of a State based on the rule of law and pluralist democracy, in which fundamental human rights and liberties, the dignity of the human person and justice are guaranteed, protected and promoted. According to the delegation, the establishment of democracy made it GE.09-16375 3