A/HRC/21/50 Contents I. II. III. Introduction ............................................................................................................. Paragraphs Page 1–13 5 A. Challenges ...................................................................................................... 4–7 5 B. Methodology ................................................................................................... 8–13 5 Context .................................................................................................................... 14–36 6 A. Political background ....................................................................................... 14–20 6 B. Military situation ............................................................................................ 21–31 7 C. Socioeconomic and humanitarian situation .................................................... 32–36 9 Findings ................................................................................................................... 37–130 10 A. Casualties ........................................................................................................ 38–40 10 B. Special inquiry into Al-Houla ......................................................................... 41–50 10 C. Unlawful killing .............................................................................................. 51–62 12 D. Arbitrary detention and enforced disappearance............................................. 63–73 14 E. Torture and other forms of ill-treatment ......................................................... 74–89 15 F. Indiscriminate attacks ..................................................................................... 90–95 17 G. Sexual violence ............................................................................................... 96–102 17 H. Violations of children‘s rights ........................................................................ 103–115 18 I. Attacks on protected persons and objects ....................................................... 116–125 19 J. Pillaging and destruction of property .............................................................. 126–130 20 Responsibility .......................................................................................................... 131–142 21 A. State responsibility.......................................................................................... 132–133 21 B. Responsibility of anti-Government armed groups .......................................... 134 22 C. Individual responsibility ................................................................................. 135–136 22 D. Command responsibility ................................................................................. 137–142 22 Conclusions and recommendations ......................................................................... 143–156 23 I. Correspondence with the Government of the Syrian Arab Republic ................................................ 26 II. Applicable law .................................................................................................................................. 45 III. Military situation ............................................................................................................................... 60 IV. Special inquiry into Al-Houla ........................................................................................................... 64 V. Unlawful killing ................................................................................................................................ 69 VI. Indiscriminate attacks ........................................................................................................................ 79 VII. Arbitrary detention and enforced disappearances ............................................................................. 83 VIII. Torture and other forms of ill-treatment ............................................................................................ 86 IV. V. Annexes 3