A/HRC/23/44 reporting arrangements in several countries pursuant to Security Council resolution 1960 (2010); developing early warning indicators on sexual violence; 25 and establishing targets to increase the proportion of female police officers in peacekeeping operations to 20 per cent by 2014. However, these issues continue to represent stark challenges. 31. Modest – and not yet entrenched – advances have been achieved in integrating women into assistance distribution systems,26 and implementing fuel strategies to reduce displaced women’s exposure to violence when they collect firewood. 27 Limited gains in upholding housing, land and property rights of IDW have been achieved in some instances through measures such as the provision of legal aid to returnee women. Likewise, the participation of IDW in decision-making processes has increased in some countries, including through the development of strong associations of IDW, for example in Colombia and the Philippines.28 In 2011, UNHCR convened its second global dialogue with women and engaged IDW in this process for the first time. 29 Despite persistent constraints, some progress has been made in collecting disaggregated data in conflict and post-conflict situations,30 including through the establishment of JIPS, which collects data disaggregated by age, sex and location, as well as other indicators such as the provision of protection of and assistance to IDW, their housing, land and property rights. C. Looking forward: analysis of key challenges 32. Despite these advances, the Special Rapporteur finds that a host of challenges remain, from implementing equitable documentation practices to systematically training Government officials, security actors and field staff in gender approaches, raising awareness of communities, especially host communities, about IDPs to avoid double stigmatization of displaced women (as IDPs and as women) and engaging women in early warning systems and disaster preparedness strategies. He finds that overcoming the “implementation gap” that curtails the practical impact of the frameworks developed to protect, assist and support the leadership role of IDW possibly represents the greatest obstacle. Beyond this, he below some of the key challenges faced by IDW, and which are notable for their strategic significance, or because they reflect important longstanding, neglected or emerging problems. 25 26 27 28 29 30 Such indicators will be tested in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Sudan and will look specifically at sexual violence in the context of displacement situations. IFRC, Practical Guide to Gender-sensitive Approaches for Disaster Management (2010). Such strategies recognize that simply providing firewood in absence of broader livelihoods support is inadequate as displaced women and girls without other viable livelihood options will still often gather wood to sell, exposing themselves to increased risk of harm: Buscher, “Refugee Women”, p. 16; tools of the IASC Task Force on Safe Access to Firewood and Alternative Energy in Humanitarian Settings, including the “Decision Tree Diagrams on Factors Affecting Choice of Fuel Strategy in Humanitarian Settings” (2009) and the “Matrix of Agency Roles and Responsibilities for Ensuring a Coordinated, Multi-Sectoral Fuel Strategy in Humanitarian Settings” (2009); World Food Programme’s Safe Access to Firewood and Alternative Energy in Humanitarian Settings (SAFE) stoves initiative. Brookings-Bern Project on Internal Displacement, Moving Beyond Rhetoric: Consultation and Participation with Populations Displaced by Conflict or Natural Disasters (2008). UNHCR, Survivors, Protectors, Providers: Refugee Women Speak Out (2011). The title of the global dialogue report does not reflect the participation of 80 IDPs from Colombia in the process. Department of Social and Economic Affairs (UNDESA), Statistics Division, The World’s Women 2005: Progress in Statistics (2006) ST/ESA/STAT/SER.K/17, pp. vii- ix. See also the World Bank’s gender data portal, http://datatopics.worldbank.org/gender. 11