A/HRC/8/14* page 14 C. Basic Principles on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law 35. On 15 December 2005, the General Assembly adopted without a vote resolution 60/147, the annex to which contained the Basic Principles on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law. The General Assembly emphasized in the preambular part of the resolution that the Basic Principles and Guidelines “do not entail new international or domestic legal obligations but identify mechanisms, modalities, procedures and methods for the implementation of existing legal obligations under international human rights law and international humanitarian law which are complementary though different as to their norms”. D. International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance 36. On 20 December 2006, the General Assembly adopted without a vote resolution 61/177 and opened for signature, ratification and accession the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance. The fifth preambular paragraph of the convention notes the awareness of the State parties “of the extreme seriousness of enforced disappearance, which constitutes a crime and, in certain circumstances defined in international law, a crime against humanity”. E. General comment No. 32 of the Human Rights Committee 37. On 23 August 2007, the Human Rights Committee adopted general comment No. 32 on the interpretation of article 14 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. The Committee reiterated, as it had previously done in paragraph 11 of its general comment No. 29 (2001), that any deviation from fundamental principles of the right to fair trial, including the presumption of innocence, was prohibited at all times. III. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 38. Previous reports on fundamental standards of humanity observed that, while there was no apparent need to develop new standards, there was a need to secure respect for existing rules of international law aimed at ensuring the protection of persons in all circumstances and by all actors. 39. The recent work of international courts and tribunals and of special courts contributed to the interpretation of existing standards identified in the ICRC’s Customary International Humanitarian Law Study, and further elaborated on the elements and application of certain crimes. The General Assembly adopted the Basic