A/HRC/42/44 I. Introduction 1. In her report, submitted in accordance with Human Rights Council resolution 33/1, the Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of slavery, including its causes and consequences analyses whether current anti-slavery efforts are fit for purpose to respond effectively to the contemporary forms of slavery which are widespread today. She also identifies and evaluates whether these efforts are likely to be adequate to address future forms and manifestations of contemporary forms of slavery. Such an analysis is essential if the right to be free from slavery is to be achieved by 2030, the time frame agreed by Member States in target 8.7 of the Sustainable Development Goals. 2. The Special Rapporteur draws on lessons learned by the mandate on contemporary forms of slavery1 and from working with Member States, civil society and the private sector over the past six years, as well as responses received following a call for submissions.2 The Special Rapporteur wishes to thank the United Nations University Centre for Policy Research for undertaking the background research for the present report. 3. The report contains three sections. First, the Special Rapporteur considers what can be expected from slavery tomorrow. She examines the current scientific understanding of the patterns and drivers of contemporary forms of slavery and how these are likely to be impacted by major social, technological and physical changes in the years ahead. Second, she examines the anti-slavery agenda of today, looking at the scale and geography of current anti-slavery efforts and offering insights on what is happening, what is working and what is missing. Third, she offers an outlook on the anti-slavery panorama of tomorrow, suggesting an approach to addressing contemporary forms of slavery based on six characteristics. Such an approach must be (a) systematic, in the sense of requiring action at every level, not only by States but also by business and civil society actors; (b) scientific, in that it must be based on evidence of what works; (c) strategic, in that it must involve coordinated allocation of available resources to achieve defined and shared goals; (d) sustainable, in that it must be connected to action to achieve the full suite of elements of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development; (e) survivor-informed and victim-centred, in that it must give victims and survivors a central role in shaping response; and (f) smart, in that it should use digital technology to accelerate efforts to scale up what works and adopt new approaches to financing. II. Where we are with respect to slavery today A. Learning from slavery today 4. An evidence-based analysis of the situation of slavery tomorrow must begin with a firm understanding of how slavery manifests today, where and why. According to the Global Estimates of Modern Slavery for 2016 produced by the International Labour Organization (ILO), the Walk Free Foundation and the International Organization for Migration (IOM), over 40.3 million people were in a situation of modern slavery in 2016, including 25 million people in forced labour (62 per cent) and 15 million in forced marriage (38 per cent).3 This means there were an estimated 5.4 victims for every 1,000 people in the world. Slavery is present in every region of the globe. While most victims are thought to be found in Asia and the Pacific, the rate of prevalence is estimated to be highest in Africa. 1 2 3 2 The mandate of the Special Rapporteur is limited to contemporary forms of slavery. However, references to “human trafficking”, “trafficking in persons” and “modern slavery” that are contained in the sources have been retained. The questionnaire sent to Member States and other stakeholders and their responses are available at www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Slavery/SRSlavery/Pages/AddressingTomorrowsSlaveryToday.aspx. ILO, Walk Free Foundation and IOM, Global Estimates of Modern Slavery: Forced Labour and Forced Marriage (Geneva, 2017).