A/HRC/34/32 persons with disabilities in order to prevent exploitation, violence and abuse. These mechanisms should include representative organizations of persons with disabilities and civil society, and should be able to access and monitor institutions while States move towards deinstitutionalization. This monitoring role should extend to mental health and community services to ensure that they are conducive to inclusion, participation and the overall enjoyment of rights on equal basis with others. When abuses in institutions are identified, States should, as required by article 16 of the Convention, take appropriate measures to “promote the physical, cognitive, and psychological recovery, rehabilitation and social reintegration of persons with disabilities who become victims of any form of exploitation, violence or abuse”. 50. Other measures to promote accountability include the establishment of transparent, inclusive and participatory processes and mechanisms, with jurisdiction to recommend and enforce remedial action, in both the health and justice systems. Such mechanisms and processes include courts or quasi-judicial and non-judicial bodies, complaints mechanisms within the health system, national human rights institutions and professional standards associations.53 B. Good practices 1. Mental health care based on recovery 51. Community-based service delivery for mental health should encompass a recoverybased approach that places the emphasis on supporting individuals with mental health conditions in achieving their own aspirations and goals. 54 A recovery-based approach to mental health is centred on the strengths of the individual and on facilitating access to the supports he or she needs, it integrates an understanding of trauma and involves persons with lived experiences in mental health in the provision of services. This approach requires “listening and responding to individuals’ understanding of their condition and what helps them to recover [and] working with people as equal partners in their care”.55 52. Given the close relationship between mental health conditions and trauma, all mental health services should be “trauma-informed” and designed to avoid retraumatization, and staff should be trained to recognize and refrain from engaging in practices that might trigger painful memories and re-traumatize persons with trauma histories.56 53. Finally, persons with mental health conditions are the foremost experts in their own recovery and in assisting others in their recovery. Peer workers provide each other with support and a sense of belonging, in addition to their expertise, thus reducing unnecessary admissions, and their use is central to mental health care. 57 2. Community-based services 54. The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights has recommended that health facilities, goods and services be located within safe physical reach for all sections of the population, especially vulnerable or marginalized groups, such as persons with 53 54 55 56 57 Sanghera and others “Human rights in the new Global Strategy”. WHO, “Mental health action plan”, para. 50. Ibid. United States Department of Health and Human Services Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, “SAMHSA’s concept of trauma and guidance for a trauma-informed approach” (July 2014), p. 10. See WHO, “Mental health action plan”, para. 50. 15