A/HRC/41/36 V. Recommendations Recommendations to the Secretary-General 80. The Secretary-General should initiate a follow-up criminal investigation into the killing of Mr. Khashoggi to build strong files on each of the alleged perpetrators and identify mechanisms for formal accountability, such as an ad hoc or hybrid tribunal. The Secretary-General should himself be able to establish an international follow-up criminal investigation without any trigger by a State. 81. As part of the United Nations reform process, the Secretary-General should strengthen system-wide capacity to promote the safety of journalists and ensure that United Nations country teams are fully equipped to implement the United Nations Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity at the local level in the countries concerned. Recommendations to the members of the Security Council 82. The members of the Security Council should convene an Arria formula meeting to consider the implications for peace and stability of the execution of Mr. Khashoggi and, more generally, of the extraterritorial targeting of individuals. Recommendations to the Human Rights Council or the General Assembly 83. The Human Rights Council or the General Assembly should establish a standing instrument for the criminal investigation of allegations of targeted killing or other acts of violence against journalists, human rights defenders or others targeted because of their peaceful activities or expressions. The instrument should: (a) investigate such violations in accordance with criminal law standards; (b) identify possible avenues for the administration of justice at the national, regional and international levels; (c) prepare files to facilitate and expedite fair and independent criminal proceedings in accordance with the standards of international, regional or national law in courts or tribunals that have or may in the future have jurisdiction over the crimes being investigated; and (d) identify other mechanisms for delivering justice and ending impunity, including at the political and diplomatic levels. It should be composed of special procedure mandate holders, members of treaty bodies and other experts in investigation and prosecution and be supported by a secretariat that may already be in use for other purposes, such as that of the International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism or the Secretary-General’s Mechanism for Investigation of Alleged Use of Chemical and Biological Weapons. Recommendations to the Human Rights Council 84. The Human Rights Council should support the establishment of a special procedures task force to: undertake rapid-response missions; engage with authorities to support and ensure effective investigations; and engage in fact-finding in response to the unlawful death of, acts of violence towards or credible threats against journalists, human rights defenders or other individuals targeted for the peaceful expression of their opinion. Recommendations to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the United Nations network of focal points to ensure the safety of journalists 85. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the United Nations network of focal points to ensure the safety of journalists should take action to ensure the implementation of the United Nations Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity at the local level in the countries concerned. 17