A/HRC/41/34/Add.1 VI. Conclusions and recommendations 96. Kyrgyzstan is in a good position to continue to strengthen its health-related policies and services; for this position to remain strong, however, a human rightsbased and modern approach to public health should be ensured in the formulation and implementation of policies. 97. In a context where there is strong political will, solid policy developments and good pilot practices, the main challenge to the full realization of the right to physical and mental health in Kyrgyzstan lies with effective implementation and sustainability. The challenge is linked to the promotion of transparency and the need to address persisting corrupt and ineffective practices. To this end, the Government should develop a long-term strategy and take ownership of the programmes developed with international cooperation, ensuring their continuation and sustainability with the investment of national resources. 98. Specific challenges to be addressed include the enjoyment of different sexual and reproductive health rights, persisting discriminatory practices in health-care services and the need to progressively deinstitutionalize mental health and social welfare services through a long-term strategy in which investments are directed, as a priority, to family-focused and community-based services, with a human rights-based approach. 99. The role of civil society at the national and local levels must be encouraged in this process. The vibrant civil society groups in Kyrgyzstan are a real asset and should be regarded by the Government as equal partners, not only in the formulation of guidelines and policy measures but also in the implementation of such measures, which in many cases have proven to be better implemented with the support of civil society partnerships. 100. The Special Rapporteur recommends that the authorities in Kyrgyzstan: (a) Complete the process of ratifying the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities; (b) Ensure adequate, equitable and sustainable financing to the health sector, improving the availability and accessibility of health services in all regions; (c) Increase investments to train, recruit and retain health-care personnel by protecting their rights and providing incentives and career development options, particularly for personnel in rural areas; (d) Strengthen the capacity of well-trained health-care workers and integrate a human rights-based approach into the health-care education curriculum, with a focus on the social determinants of health (such as poverty, violence and discrimination), human rights in patient care, the principles of medical ethics, new approaches in providing services for persons with disabilities and the partnership between health-care providers and users; (e) Strengthen self-regulatory practices and capacity-building activities within the health-care profession to promote the best practices in medicine and prevent ethical misconduct and human rights violations; (f) Develop non-biased and evidence-based treatment guidelines to minimize opportunities for corruption; (g) Address the practice of informal payments in the health-care sector by ensuring decent living wages and working conditions, job security and rewards for good performance and conduct; (h) Ensure monitoring and accountability in the health sector through the establishment of well-resourced and independent anti-corruption and fraud agencies, as well as accessible and effective accountability procedures for health-care users who encounter corrupt practices; 18