A/HRC/40/69 Wau Triangle, attacking at least 10 towns and villages. The attacks extended past the signing of the Revitalized Agreement into at least early November 2018. 87. In many instances, attacks were launched on villages where no opposition forces were present and followed a pattern. SPLA soldiers would attack in the morning, arriving in military vehicles and firing into the village as inhabitants fled, killing civilians including children and older persons. One witness from Tagoti Vimoi, which was attacked on 5 November, told the Commission, “they just shot at everyone”. 88. The soldiers then systematically looted people’s possessions and loaded them onto lorries; some of the possessions were then sold in the Wau market. After looting, they set fire to people’s tukuls. In Mboro, which was attacked on 28 June, satellite imagery established that approximately 200 structures were damaged or destroyed. As the attacks progressed, people started hiding their crops in the bush in attempts to save them from being looted; however, soldiers also set fire to the surrounding bush areas. 89. The attacks on the civilian population resulted in significant population displacement, and many people were displaced multiple times as the places to which they had fled for refuge also came under attack. When the village of Ngo Pere came under attack in September, it was sheltering 2,000 people already displaced from Mboro in addition to its 1,000 inhabitants. The impact of the displacement on the population was magnified by the fact that humanitarian actors had been denied access to the Wau Triangle for more than two months from mid-June. 90. A similar attack was launched on the village of Wadhalelo, located to the south-east of Wau town. The origins of the conflict in Wadhalelo are somewhat different from those in the Wau Triangle as it is a Luo village, which traditionally had good relationships with the Dinka cattle-herders in the area. However, when those relationships soured, the village came under SPLA-IO control in early 2017 and thereafter a number of clashes erupted between SPLA and SPLA-IO. Multiple inhabitants of Wadhalelo complained that “we are stuck there in the middle between the SPLA and the IO; both mistreat us”. 91. On 11 June 2018, just over a week after the arrival of the new SPLA Fifth Division Commander in Wau, SPLA launched an attack on SPLA-IO positions in Wadhalelo, ostensibly under instruction to conduct disarmament in the area. The attack started in the early morning with heavy shooting and the burning of tukuls. The houses of those suspected of being SPLA-IO members were deliberately targeted, resulting in the males in the house fleeing and women, children and family members remaining being beaten. People’s possessions were looted. 92. Multiple women reported being raped and gang-raped by SPLA soldiers in Wadhalelo, including one woman who told the Commission: “[The soldier] raped me while my children were watching; they didn’t understand and thought he was killing me and were crying. … After he left I took the children and sat under a tree and cried.” 93. By September, Wadhalelo was largely deserted, except for SPLA stationed there, with civilians living in the bush or displaced to surrounding towns. SPLA occupied the primary school, which had previously already been occupied by SPLA-IO forces such that it was not operational. Violations and alleged crimes: findings 94. The Commission finds reasonable grounds to believe that SPLA soldiers committed killings, rape, beatings, arbitrary detention, looting and the destruction of private property in the Wau Triangle from mid-June until at least early November 2018 and in Wadhalelo on 11 June 2018. These acts amount to serious violations of human rights and humanitarian law, and should be investigated and prosecuted as war crimes and crimes against humanity. 95. The Commission also received information that SPLA-IO engaged in incidents of looting and forced recruitment over the period when it had occupied Wadhalelo, from early 2017. 12