A/HRC/5/3
page 21
priorities on the EU agenda. The Amsterdam Treaty mandated for social inclusion within the
Union. The Lisbon Strategy that emerged from the Lisbon Summit in 2000 addressed the key
issue of social exclusion, and set the goal for poverty eradication within the region by 2010, to be
achieved through the open method of coordination (OMC). These objectives, if met, would help
achieve the larger EU goal of a “socially cohesive Europe”. The objectives were to be fulfilled
through the development of appropriate National Action Plans against Poverty and Social
Exclusion (NAPS) subject to periodic reporting and monitoring of progress. Further
improvements of the indicators for social inclusion were made at the Laeken Economic Council
in December 2001.
45. The Human Poverty Indicator-2 (HPI-2), as devised by UNDP, measures human and
income poverty in rich industrialized nations. It is a composite index of poverty that measures
deprivation based on the following human development indicators, namely, long and healthy life,
education and a decent standard of living and social inclusion. The 2005 HPI-2 index shows that
Scandinavian countries rank very highly, with Germany, France and Spain occupying middle
level ranks and the United Kingdom and Ireland featuring at the bottom of the list.43
46. At the Laeken European Council, a set of 18 common standards and statistical indicators
for social inclusion were endorsed and accepted by the Social Protection Committee of the
European Council. These indicators can be categorized as follows:
− Primary indicators consisting of lead indicators of social exclusion such as financial
poverty, health, education etc.;
− Secondary indicators consisting of supporting indicators describing other aspects of the
problem and commonly defined and determined by the member States;
− Third level of indicators which can be included by member States themselves into their
NAPs to highlight specific aspects of the problem and help interpret the primary and
secondary indicators.
47. With a view to further improving the Laeken indicators, in June 2006 the Social Protection
Committee adopted a new set of common indicators for social protection and social inclusion.
This new set has streamlined the earlier indicators to give effect to the new monitoring
framework for social protection and social inclusion in light of the common objectives set out in
the Lisbon Summit, namely social cohesion, greater economic growth and good governance,
transparency and involvement of stakeholders in the design, implementation and monitoring
process. These new indicators for the overarching portfolios like social inclusion, pensions and
long-term health care seek to be comprehensive, balanced and transparent for effective
43
Human and Income Poverty in OECD, Central & Eastern Europe and CIS, Human
Development Report 2006, at http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/statistics/indicators/27.html.
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