A/HRC/10/61 page 21 dealing with such possible disasters and protecting the human rights of the people affected will first and foremost require adequate long-term political solutions, rather than new legal instruments.92 E. Conflict and security risks 61. Recent reports and studies identify climate change as a key challenge to global peace and stability.93 This was also recognized by the Norwegian Nobel Committee when, in 2007, it awarded the Nobel Peace Prize jointly to the IPCC and Al Gore for raising awareness of man-made climate change.94 Equally, in 2007, the Security Council held a day-long debate on the impact of climate change on peace and security. 62. According to one study, the effects of climate change interacting with economic, social and political problems will create a high risk of violent conflict in 46 countries - home to 2.7 billion people.95 These countries, mainly in sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and Latin America, are also the countries which are particularly exposed to projected negative impacts of climate change. 63. Climate change-related conflicts could be one driver of forced displacement. In such cases, in addition to the general human rights protection framework, other international standards would be applicable, including the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement, international humanitarian law, international refugee law and subsidiary and temporary protection regimes for persons fleeing from armed conflict. Violent conflict, irrespective of its causes, has direct implications for the protection and enjoyment of human rights. 92 This point was made by Ms. Hampson and other panellists at the consultation meeting organized by OHCHR on 22 October 2008, summary of discussions available at: http://www2.ohchr.org/english/issues/climatechange/docs/SummaryofDiscussions.doc. 93 See e.g. Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, The National Security Strategy of the United Kingdom: Security in an interdependent world, 2008 and German Advisory Council on Global Change, World in Transition - Climate Change as a Security Risk, 2008. 94 As the Chairman of the Nobel Committee stated: “The chief threats may be direct violence, but deaths may also have less direct sources in starvation, disease, or natural disasters” (Presentation speech 10 December 2007). 95 International Alert and Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA), A Climate of Conflict, 2008, p. 7. In the same vein, the Special Rapporteur on the right to food observes that conflicts in Africa, including in the Darfur region, are linked to land degradation and related fights over resources (A/HRC/7/5, para. 51).