A/HRC/39/11 Introduction 1. The Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review, established in accordance with Human Rights Council resolution 5/1, held its thirtieth session from 7 to 18 May 2018. The review of Canada was held at the 9th meeting, on 11 May 2018. The delegation of Canada was headed by the Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada, Jody Wilson-Raybould. At its 14th meeting, held on 15 May 2018, the Working Group adopted the report on Canada. 2. On 10 January 2018, the Human Rights Council selected the following group of rapporteurs (troika) to facilitate the review of Canada: Georgia, Kenya and Switzerland. 3. In accordance with paragraph 15 of the annex to Human Rights Council resolution 5/1 and paragraph 5 of the annex to Council resolution 16/21, the following documents were issued for the review of Canada: (a) A national report submitted/written presentation made in accordance with paragraph 15 (a) (A/HRC/WG.6/30/CAN/1); (b) A compilation prepared by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in accordance with paragraph 15 (b) (A/HRC/WG.6/30/CAN/2); (c) A summary prepared by OHCHR in accordance with paragraph 15 (c) (A/HRC/WG.6/30/CAN/3). 4. A list of questions prepared in advance by Belgium, Brazil, Germany, Liechtenstein, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the United States of America and Uruguay was transmitted to Canada through the troika. These questions are available on the website of the universal periodic review. I. Summary of the proceedings of the review process A. Presentation by the State under review 5. The Minister of Justice and Attorney General of Canada introduced the national report of Canada to the Working Group on the Universal Periodic Review. 6. She recalled that, in accordance with the country’s federal structure, and as enshrined in the Constitution, responsibility for implementing the international human rights obligations of Canada was shared among the federal, provincial and territorial governments. 7. The strong commitment of governments in Canada to human rights had been reaffirmed during a meeting of federal, provincial and territorial ministers responsible for human rights in December 2017. They had made a number of commitments to strengthen intergovernmental collaboration and public dialogue on human rights and had discussed key priorities in relation to the international human rights obligations of the country. 8. The indigenous populations of Canada — First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples — faced a number of challenges relative to the rest of the population, including greater rates of poverty and food insecurity, higher likelihood of experiencing poor housing conditions, lower education outcomes, and greater health disparities. Canada had committed to achieving true, meaningful and lasting reconciliation based on the recognition and implementation of indigenous rights. 9. In February 2018, the Prime Minister had announced that the Government would, in full partnership with First Nations, Inuit and Métis Peoples, develop a recognition and implementation of rights framework as the basis for all relations between indigenous peoples and the federal Government. That would build on the country’s ongoing 2