A/HRC/13/36 “collateral damage”, in which children are often the victims, resulting from precision aerial bombardment and other types of military operation. 16. The United Nations human rights treaty bodies have continued to take up issues related to terrorism in their examination of State party reports and individual complaints. In their concluding observations, different committees have urged States parties to recognize and ensure that the human rights treaties apply at all times, in any territory under their jurisdiction. The Secretary-General has recently reported on key developments in this field to the General Assembly (see A/64/186); I would like to focus on the most recent developments. 17. On 18 and 19 November 2009, my Office participated in a workshop in Jakarta hosted by the Center on Global Counterterrorism Cooperation and Nahdatul Ulama with support from the Governments of Germany and Sweden. The aim of the workshop was to raise awareness of the United Nations Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy among civil society in South-East Asia and to explore the possibilities for greater civil society participation in efforts to implement the global framework in a manner that reflects the needs and priorities across the region. 18. On 30 November 2009, OHCHR participated in an Arria Formula meeting on strengthening a United Nations integrated approach to human rights and counter-terrorism through the role of the Security Council. The meeting was convened by the Government of Mexico, which invited speakers who were members of the Eminent Jurist Panel of the International Commission of Jurists. Participants included members of the Security Council, representatives of the 1267 Committee, the Counter-Terrorism Committee Executive Directorate and the Chair of the Counter-Terrorism Implementation Task Force. III. Issues of concern: accountability and reparations 19. A major challenge facing States today is accountability for serious violations of human rights that have taken place in the context of counter-terrorism measures and the rights of victims to remedy and reparations. In recent years, serious violations have taken place affecting fundamental rights, including wilful killings, summary executions, disappearances, torture and arbitrary detention. These practices have rarely been investigated thoroughly, perpetrators have often not been punished, and reparations to victims have not been forthcoming. 20. In article 2, paragraph 3, of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, it is spelled out that in addition to effective protection of Covenant rights, States parties must ensure that individuals have accessible and effective2 remedies to vindicate those rights,3 which was restated by the Human Rights Committee in its general comment No. 31 (2004). The Committee stated that it attaches importance to States parties establishing appropriate judicial and administrative mechanisms for addressing claims of rights violations under domestic law. The Committee noted that the enjoyment of the rights recognized under the Covenant can be effectively assured by the judiciary in many different ways, including direct applicability of the Covenant, application of comparable 2 3 8 See Committee against Torture, communication No. 291/2006, Ali v. Tunisia, 21 November 2008. See also European Court of Human Rights, application No. 52391/99, Ramsahai and others v. the Netherlands, 15 May 2007, para. 324. See also CCPR/CO/79/LVA, CCPR/C/LBY/CO/4, CCPR/C/79/Add.121 (Human Rights Committee, 2000), CAT/C/GUY/CO/1 (Committee against Torture, 2006). Human Rights Committee, communication No. 1332/2004, Juan García Sánchez and Benvenida González Clares v. Spain, 31 October 2006. GE.10-10442