A/HRC/41/20 and human rights action plans and capacity-building of law enforcement officials and judicial organs. Participants also saw potential in engaging other stakeholders, including civil society and the private sector, in technical cooperation and dialogue. 47. Different organizations of the United Nations system were identified as offering important support to States in human rights-based anti-corruption activities, including all organs of the human rights system. One delegation recommended that corruption should be a specific item in guidelines for reporting to the treaty bodies. It also recommended that country-specific concluding observations of treaty bodies and special procedures should address corruption specifically. Another delegation suggested that the treaty bodies could consider drafting general comments on topics relating to corruption and anti-corruption measures. Speakers encouraged the Human Rights Council to raise awareness of human rights-based anti-corruption measures, including by means of events and platforms for the exchange of good practices. One delegation pointed out that such initiatives would be preferable to “naming and shaming”. OHCHR was encouraged to provide countries with technical cooperation and legal advice on anti-corruption initiatives. It was suggested that human rights mechanisms could recommend that States ratify the United Nations Convention against Corruption and regional anti-corruption conventions, and engage with the relevant review mechanism. Human rights mechanisms were also encouraged to cooperate with UNODC and other international and regional anti-corruption mechanisms. Other speakers suggested that anti-corruption mechanisms should improve the access and participation of civil society in their working processes. The workings of the international human rights mechanisms provided good examples and lessons learned in this regard. One delegation welcomed the closer engagement of civil society with the Implementation Review Mechanism of the United Nations Convention against Corruption, but stressed that its technical and non-political nature should be preserved. 48. Participants addressed several questions to panellists on the support provided by the organizations of the United Nations system. They asked them, for example, to describe the biggest challenges to international cooperation. Questions were raised on how to address the problem of illicit financial flows and the challenges to the return of confiscated assets, and also their negative impact on human rights. One speaker asked how the international community could address the negative impact of transnational corruption, especially in cases where non-State armed groups were involved. Another question concerned the role of United Nations human rights mechanisms in the fight against the negative effects of corruption, in particular with regard to technical assistance, international cooperation and the scope of the international legal framework against corruption. One delegation asked whether there would be any benefit in drafting a joint general comment on the issue of human rights and corruption. Another speaker asked whether and how UNODC and OHCHR could provide legal assistance to combat corruption. Panellists were also asked what further steps the United Nations system, in particular the Human Rights Council and its special procedures, could take to support States in fighting and preventing corruption. One delegation asked how United Nations bodies could work in multi-stakeholder partnerships to combat and prevent corruption, with specific reference to the Open Government Partnership. One speaker asked how best to engage in real and truthful dialogue with stakeholders; not only with civil society and businesses, but also with countries reluctant to open up to multi-stakeholder dialogue. 49. Speakers also discussed issues relating to methods for measuring the effects of corruption. For some, the assessment of the collective impact of corruption remained underdeveloped; they therefore recommended that further research be conducted in this area to develop specific multiparty responses and to exchange good practices. According to delegations, developments concerning human rights indicators could provide lessons learned to the anti-corruption community. One participant called upon all stakeholders not to be afraid of measuring and giving visibility to the impact of corruption on human rights. Speakers considered that measurable information could contribute to the dialogue and exchange within and between the two communities. Speakers suggested that attention should be focused more on human rights indicators as the most important indicators of the impact of corruption, rather than only measuring financial losses caused by corruption. Delegations saw Sustainable Development Goal 16 and its targets 16.4, 16.5 and 16.6 as establishing an important momentum for developing methods for measuring the impact of 11