A/HRC/40/62 89. It is particularly critical that States make optimal use of the Regional Action Plan on Albinism, which lays out specific measures for addressing attacks and discrimination against persons with albinism. In order to assess progress, States can map out key thematic or priority areas from the Regional Action Plan to inform country implementation plans with an inbuilt monitoring mechanism. VII. Best practices Community engagement and collaboration 90. While informal justice systems cannot preside over serious violations of the human rights of persons with albinism, their role as a referral pathway has proved to be particularly critical. In their submissions various stakeholders commended the formation of village advocacy groups at the community levels, which have facilitated referrals to the formal justice system in cases involving violations against persons with albinism. 91. Meaningful engagement with community structures and agents of the informal justice system has emerged as a best practice. The following insight from South Africa illustrate how good community engagement can help deter attacks. The kidnapping of a 4year-old boy with albinism in Empangeni, KwaZulu-Natal, led to an investigation and arrest. Police had followed up with the community on information about a woman who was purportedly arranging to sell a child with albinism for R100,000 to a well-known community member who was a traditional healer in Emanguzi. The 28-year-old woman was apprehended by police and the child was reunited with his family. 70 92. Use of community-based protection structures also led to giving community leaders in the United Republic of Tanzania data on persons with albinism within their respective jurisdictions. The leaders then engage members of the community security and policing unit, the polisi jamii or ulinzi shirikishi, to plan for the safety and security of all persons with albinism within their localities. A respondent from Fiji noted that community-based nongovernmental organizations and faith-based organizations had established safe homes and counselling support for women victims. 93. The United Republic of Tanzania has successfully used public inquiries to understand the root causes of violence toward persons with albinism and the dynamics around such attacks. This serves as an easy and flexible means to communicate the opinions and views of persons with albinism to key stakeholders. The success of this process is highly contingent on the absence of reprisals. Multisectoral collaboration 94. Multiple organizations have indicated that the corporate sector has been engaged in raising awareness on the rights of persons with albinism. For instance, engaging with telecommunication companies for the provision of toll-free lines to report suspected or actual crimes against persons with albinism has also been key. 71 95. Having a dedicated mechanism to address the situation of persons with albinism has also been effective. The mechanism often comprises a multisectoral task force, which is often spearheaded and coordinated by the ministry of justice, health or disability, or all of them. This helps to sustain progress and direction on access to justice interventions for persons with albinism. International and regional cooperation 96. Although States are encouraged to have extradition treaties with neighbouring States in order to better address attacks against and trafficking of body parts of persons with albinism, it is the working arrangements between law enforcement agencies in the countries concerned as opposed to the operation of the treaty provisions that have been useful in 70 71 Mswela, “Violent attacks against persons with albinism in South Africa”. Submissions from stakeholders in Malawi and South Africa. 17