A/HRC/21/48 of financial payments is needed, as it can create undue influence and enable adverse impacts. To this end, mechanisms that strengthen the capacity of indigenous and tribal peoples and further their own development priorities should be favoured; (i) Promote transparency at country and company level, including the disclosure of production-sharing agreements, host country agreements, power purchase agreements, economic and financial assessments, environmental and social assessments, monitoring and evaluation results, and information on accident prevention and emergency response. Annual, public monitoring reports should be provided; (j) Ensure that the “polluter pays principle,” that is, the internationalization of costs by industry and liability regimes for illegal dumping, is implemented in practice; (k) Provide greater incentives on green corporate social responsibility initiatives and public-private partnerships; (l) Make concerted efforts towards activities under SAICM in order to build the capacity of developing countries for chemicals management – including the capacity to evaluate, monitor and regulate extractive industries – and implementation of international obligations; (m) Rigorously evaluate all tailing disposals and ensure ongoing monitoring of waste and tailings dumps; (n) Promote sustainable practices and sources of energy with a view to reducing reliance on extractive industries. 70. In accordance with their duty to respect human rights, companies and other private actors should: (a) Develop and adopt techniques to reduce the hazardous waste generated by the extractive industry; (b) Routinely monitor for associated toxic substances at the mine site as well as in nearby sources of drinking water or aquatic habitat, when hazardous substances that can contaminate water are used, such as cyanide and hydro-fracking solutions; (c) Recognize the right of access to information and avoid using the privilege of confidential business information to shield health and safety information on the hazardous substances used and produced by extractive industries, to which humans and wildlife may be exposed, such as chemicals dispersants and hydrofracking solutions; (d) Exercise due diligence so as to avoid becoming complicit in human rights violations committed by host governments; (e) Adhere to the “polluter pays principle,” by providing insurance and compensation for project-caused sickness, accidents, and toxic legacy issues. Regulations should include adequate, verifiable and participatory precautionary measures to account for transboundary issues, such as river pollution, that may affect communities outside national borders; (f) Support the United Nations-backed Principles for Responsible Investment Initiative (PRI) devised by the investment community in recognition of the fact that environmental, social and corporate governance issues can affect the performance of investment portfolios; 20

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