A/HRC/30/60 charged with undermining the constitutional system, waging war against the State, espionage, unlawful disclosure and receipt of official information or documents, arousing feelings of discontent among regular forces, breach of public peace and offences relating to insulting religious beliefs. Following these charges and subsequent hearings on 19 and 31 May, both pastors were allegedly moved to a high security prison in North Khartoum. They were last seen by their families and pastors from their church on 3 June. 31. The Independent Expert is concerned about the arrest, detention and possible trial of the two people, which would be in contravention of articles 18, 19 and 20 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and articles 18, 19, 21, 26 and 27 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights that stress the rights to freedom of religion, freedom of opinion and expression, freedom of peaceful assembly and of minorities. He calls upon the Government of Sudan to respect the fundamental freedoms enshrined in the interim national Constitution and to allow the Sudanese people to exercise their rights freely. D. Human rights violations committed during the demonstrations of September 2013 32. The Independent Expert also met with representatives of some of the family members of deceased victims of the oil-subsidy demonstrations held in September 2013 across Khartoum State, which resulted in fatal shootings, injuries and the destruction of property, as well as the arrest and detention of many demonstrators. The “brief report on the acts of violence of September 2013”, prepared and issued by the Office of the Chief Prosecutor of Khartoum State, was discussed at length by the previous mandate holder in his last report (A/HRC/27/69). The family members and their lawyers affirmed that they had all lost hope in their quest for justice for their deceased relatives, and felt threatened. 33. The Independent Expert calls upon the Government to ensure that an independent judicial inquiry is conducted into the killings and various other human rights violations, to address arbitrary violations of the fundamental right to life, and impunity. E. Conflict-affected areas 34. Armed conflicts and lack of security continue to be major sources of human rights violations in different parts of the Sudan. In particular, Darfur and the States of Southern Kordofan and Blue Nile continue to experience sporadic cycles of armed conflicts, violent attacks and banditry, which have had a negative impact on civilians during the reporting period. 1. Darfur 35. As the conflict in Darfur, which broke out in February 2003, enters its twelfth year, the situation of human rights continues to be a major concern. While the signing of the Doha Document for Peace in Darfur by the Government and the Liberation and Justice Movement was a sign of political progress, the persistence of fighting between the Sudanese Armed Forces and non-signatory armed opposition groups has been compounded by clashes between various tribes (the latest reported being between the Rezeigat and the Maalia in East Darfur) that highlight the vulnerability of civilians in the region. Indiscriminate attacks against civilians, tribal clashes and heightened criminality continued unabated, at the most met by a feeble response from law enforcement officials and security institutions, leading to the loss of lives, civilian injuries and the destruction of civilian property. 8