A/HRC/37/63 persuade the targeted State that it is in its own interest to reform, for which advisory services and technical assistance can be provided by the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights. Quiet diplomacy and mediation through the good offices of the Secretary-General can be more effective in advancing human rights and international solidarity than pointing fingers, which is not always useful as evidenced by the Human Rights Council, where serious human rights issues in some States are ignored while others receive disproportionate attention, thus weakening the institution’s credibility. 78. It is more important to understand the root causes of violations, such as endemic inequalities, the persistence of privilege and the culture of violence. The provision of recourse and redress for the victims is also important. With this in mind, the Independent Expert has endeavoured to formulate recommendations that entail more than temporary measures and require paradigm changes. A mandate holder must have the courage to break the silence about taboo topics. He or she should give impulses and speak clear language, tear down pretences and double-standards. The rapporteur must not be the guardian of the status quo, a fig leaf for the international community, so that everybody pretends to have a good conscience and continues with “business as usual”. 79. Hence, let us rediscover the spirituality of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and revive the legacy of Eleanor Roosevelt, Charles Malik and Rene Cassin. We owe it to ourselves and future generations. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was clear in bestowing upon us the collective responsibility of building a better world, which we must honour. 80. Mandate holders may draw inspiration from Horace’s Epistles 24 — and the author’s invocation, sapere aude — and use their judgment with the courage of conviction, unafraid of expressing politically incorrect views. This philosophy of conscience and moral imperative was also championed by Immanuel Kant during the Enlightenment. 81. In our post-modern world of nuclear weapons, artificial intelligence and killer robots, we need judgment more than ever. Back in 1933, the League of Nations invited Albert Einstein to address the vital question “Why war”.25 Answers are contained in a brilliant exchange of letters with Sigmund Freud, answers that are valid for the United Nations today. Indeed, as our colleagues at the International Labour Organization have memorably enjoined us: if we want peace, we must cultivate justice — si vis pacem, cole justitiam. To achieve peace and justice, we must revive multilateralism and international solidarity. 24 25 20 “Dimidium facti, qui coepit, habet: sapere aude, incipe” (Let’s get started and then have the courage to use our judgment) (I, 2, 40). Albert Einstein and Sigmund Freud, “Why war?”, An International Series of Open Letters, International Institute of Intellectual Cooperation, League of Nations, Paris, 1933.