A/HRC/43/44/Add.2
and sanitation, a healthy environment, access to decent work and land, as well as to freedom
of expression and peaceful assembly, all of which are based on the principle of nondiscrimination.
22.
The right to food requires unrestricted access and opportunities to produce food for
one’s own consumption, or to have a job that generates sufficient income for the purchasing
of food. This right extends to everyone, including agricultural workers engaged in food
production, as well as consumers (A/73/164). The right incurs an obligation for States to
implement programmes aimed at ensuring freedom from hunger and malnutrition, including
through the development or reform of agrarian systems.
23.
In its general comment No. 12 (1999) on the right to adequate food, the Committee
on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights highlights the interrelatedness of the right to food
with other social and economic dimensions and other human rights. The Committee affirms
that the right to adequate food is indivisibly linked to the inherent dignity of the human person
and is indispensable for the fulfilment of other human rights enshrined in the International
Bill of Human Rights. It is also inseparable from social justice, requiring the adoption of
appropriate economic, environmental and social policies, at both the national and
international levels, oriented to the eradication of poverty and the fulfilment of all human
rights for all.5
24.
In its general comment, the Committee details the normative contents of the right to
food, including availability, accessibility, adequacy and sustainability, and elaborates on
access to remedies in cases of violations. 6 It also states that the right to adequate food is
realized when every man, woman and child, alone or in community with others, has physical
and economic access at all times to adequate food or means for its procurement. 7
25.
Zimbabwe is party to other core international human rights treaties relevant to the
right to food including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, the
International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the
Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Convention on the Rights of Persons with
Disabilities.
26.
Zimbabwe also ratified a number of regional treaties, all relevant to the right to food
and to be free from hunger, including the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights,
the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, the Treaty Establishing the
African Economic Community, the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’
Rights, the Protocol on the Rights of Women in Africa and the Protocol to the African Charter
on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and
Peoples’ Rights.
B.
National level
27.
Zimbabwe must be commended for its constitutional protection of the right to food
and a sophisticated set of human rights-based national laws and policies on food and
nutrition.
1.
Legal framework
28.
In 2013, Zimbabwe adopted a new Constitution, which guarantees civil and political,
economic, social and cultural rights and confirms the State’s responsibility to protect,
promote and realize human rights.
29.
The right to adequate food is explicitly enshrined in article 77 (b) of the 2013
Constitution of Zimbabwe, which stipulates that every person has the right to sufficient food
and that the State must take reasonable legislative and other measures, within the limits of
5
6
7
6
Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights general comment No. 12 (1999) on the right to
adequate food, para. 4.
Ibid., para. 32.
Ibid., para. 6.
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