A/HRC/38/31 Kitoko, Moma, Kadongo, Masuika, Mubinza and Tulume. The children were promised free schooling for anyone who killed soldiers. 63. In addition to attacks against property and persons that were symbols of State authority or perceived as such, the militia also committed abusive acts against civilians. Those inhabitants who did not respect the rules imposed by the militia were “tried” in the tshiotas before being beaten or beheaded. Rape, sometimes in front of the victims’ children, was committed in several villages, including Muzodi, Masuika and Kamayi. The Catholic Church, which had been largely spared in the past, was a prime target for the militia in Luiza territory, and much of its property and buildings were destroyed. Many schools were also destroyed by the militia, including in Kamushilu, Kadongo and Malambo. 64. Between 3 and 5 February, several violent clashes between the Kamuina Nsapu militia members, the majority of whom were children, and FARDC took place in the village of Nguema, resulting in the death of several dozen militia members. From that point until mid-July, numerous skirmishes took place, including in the villages of Musefu, Kadongo, Masuika, Mubinza, Lumpungu, Kalemba Mbuji, Tulume and Yangala. Hundreds of Kamuina Nsapu militia members, including children, were killed in those clashes, and many civilians lost their lives as a result of the indiscriminate use of force by FARDC. On 7 April, FARDC opened fire indiscriminately on the inhabitants of the village of Muzodi, killing some 20 villagers. Rape, including gang rape, was committed by members of FARDC, including in the villages of Kadongo, Masuika and Yangala. FARDC set fire to every village that they stopped in to drive out the militia, including Kadongo, Moma, Masuika, Yangala and Masala; FARDC destroyed several dozen villages and burned down several thousand homes. 2. Lomami Province 65. In this province, the Kamuina Nsapu militia systematically recruited new members by force. Those who refused to join the movement, including children, were beheaded. Members of the militia raped women, thus breaking their own rules prohibiting such behaviour. 3. Kasaï Province 66. While in Kasaï Central the Kamuina Nsapu militia had mainly attacked symbols of State power, in Kasaï Province, their target was the non-Luba-speaking population, particularly in Luebo and Kamonia territories. (a) Luebo territory 67. The Kamuina Nsapu movement emerged in Luebo territory in December 2016, primarily in the village of Konyi. A Kamuina Nsapu chief recruited militia members, including children, and ordered the construction of several tshiotas in the territory. 68. The Kamuina Nsapu militia first attempted to take control of Luebo town in early March 2017, but it was caught by FARDC ambushes. At least 20 bodies of civilians, including those of women and children, were discovered after the clashes at the entrance to the town. 69. On the morning of 31 March, after FARDC had left the town, several hundred Kamuina Nsapu militia members entered without resistance and took control. The militia members were armed with sticks, knives, machetes, some shotguns and, in some cases, weapons of war. Most public buildings and those belonging to the Catholic Church, as well as several schools, were destroyed or burned down. At least four civilians were killed. 70. The Kamuina Nsapu militia set up a tshiota in the centre of Luebo. Several chiefs from communities in Luebo territory took turns in controlling the town, and rules were imposed on its inhabitants. On 9 April, members of the Kamuina Nsapu militia forced a female restaurateur and her husband’s son to have sex in public before killing and beheading them. The same day, an officer of the Congolese National Police and two others were also beheaded. Rape was also committed by members of the militia in early April. 12 GE.18-10936