A/HRC/22/29
subject to repatriation, the study of international humanitarian law, bilateral human rights
dialogue, and engagement with civil society.
68.
Switzerland referred to two questions debated at the national and international
levels, namely, the preventive control of conformity with the law in general, and the
process of initiatives aimed at modifying the Constitution. It noted that democracy, the rule
of law, and federalism are among the defining features of the Swiss constitutional structure.
These principles have equal value, condition each other and are mutually reinforcing. The
State must determine which organs will oversee the conformity of the Constitution and
national laws with international law. Similarly, cantonal initiatives aimed at modifying the
Constitution should be compatible with Swiss federal law or international law.
69.
The National Human Rights Commission of Mexico reported on the introduction—
following extensive national consultations—of a constitutional reform on human rights
aimed at harmonizing national legislation with international human rights law,
strengthening the rule of law and ensuring greater efficiency of the system of human rights
protection.
B.
International and regional cooperation for the promotion of democracy
and the rule of law
70.
Over the years, sustained support bringing legitimacy and competence to the
securing of democracy has generated some good practices. Nation-owned and -driven
democracy processes enjoy the support of the international community, which endeavors to
provide tangible assistance at the inception of transition to democracy and encourage
democratic changes.
71.
In 1996, the Secretary-General issued An Agenda for Democratization, in which he
noted that ―democratization is a process which leads to a more open, more participatory,
less authoritarian society‖.18 Subsequently, in 2007, the General Assembly decided to
observe on 15 September of each year the International Day of Democracy19 with a view to
raising awareness about the subject. The activities of the Community of Democracies and
each International Conference of New or Restored Democracies held between 1994 and
2006 illustrate, among other processes, an expanding international interest in the promotion
of democracy.
72.
The Department of Political Affairs has provided the secretariat support for the
International Conference of New or Restored Democracies. Moreover, in 1991, the General
Assembly adopted resolution 46/137, through which it set up an electoral assistance unit,
later reorganized as the Electoral Assistance Division within the Department of Political
Affairs, to provide electoral assistance to a large number of interested Member States.
73.
OHCHR and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) seek to address
the challenges of democracy deficit through their respective advisory services and technical
cooperation programmes. Given the scope of its operational capacity, UNDP is the primary
international assistance provider for promoting good governance and democracy
worldwide, notably at the level of elections, Parliament effectiveness and accountability,
civil society participation, and training of government officials. In response to the 2011
18
19
14
United Nations publication, Sales No. E.97.1.3, p. 1.
General Assembly resolution 62/7.
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