A/HRC/32/39 Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions on the right to life and the use of force by private security providers in law enforcement contexts Contents Page I. 2 Activities of the Special Rapporteur ................................................................................................ 3 A. Communications ...................................................................................................................... 3 B. Visits ........................................................................................................................................ 3 C. Press releases ........................................................................................................................... 3 D. International and national meetings ......................................................................................... 5 II. Updating of the Minnesota Protocol ............................................................................................... 6 III. Right to life and the use of force by private security providers in law enforcement contexts .......... 6 A. Privatization of security services ............................................................................................. 8 B. International efforts at regulation and oversight ...................................................................... 10 C. General observations on the use of force ................................................................................. 11 D. Duty of precaution as applied to private security providers..................................................... 12 E. Operational conduct of private security providers ................................................................... 14 F. Particular contexts and challenges ........................................................................................... 15 G. Monitoring and accountability ................................................................................................. 17 IV. Conclusions ...................................................................................................................................... 20 V. Recommendations ............................................................................................................................ 21