A/HRC/31/53 Special Rapporteur has strongly encouraged their full implementation. For example, he has repeatedly expressed his concerns about the failures of States to meet their obligations to protect environmental human rights defenders, and he has identified good practices to improve their protection. 68. In response to the request in Human Rights Council resolution 28/11 for an increased emphasis on implementation, the Special Rapporteur has taken a more active role in initiating communications to Governments about complaints of human rights violations relating to the environment. He has requested countries to offer invitations to conduct country missions, and he also intends to visit international institutions where appropriate. In that respect, he has already had discussions with the secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which he hopes to visit in the second quarter of 2016. 69. A number of other useful suggestions for the Special Rapporteur emerged from the expert meeting, the public consultation and the written submissions. For example, many participants urged him to develop and disseminate guidelines to facilitate better understanding of the human rights obligations relating to the environment. There was a consensus that such guidance should succinctly summarize the relevant norms, be clear and easy to understand, explain the benefits of a human rights perspective on environmental issues and include a section on environmental human rights defenders in particular. 70. Another suggestion is to develop handbooks or other accessible tools, such as short briefing papers and case studies. The goal would be to explain in clear terms the human rights principles relevant to environmental issues, perhaps aimed at specific audiences. These publications could be complemented with a series of short videos to help advance knowledge on specific environmental related issues. 71. Participants also noted the need to share knowledge concerning national and international jurisprudence in relation to environmental matters. It was suggested that a useful resource would be a database of rulings by national judiciaries, regional and international courts, as well as other human rights bodies, similar to the one developed by the Special Rapporteur concerning good practices. Such a database, which could be developed in conjunction with other partners, would not only be relevant for judges and lawyers, but also for parliamentarians, national human rights institutions and advocates working in this area. An additional proposal was to include in the existing database on good practices more information on the practices of indigenous peoples regarding the implementation of national and international obligations in the promotion of a safe and sustainable environment. 72. The dissemination of model constitutional provisions and legislation was also suggested, as a means of supporting Governments in their implementation of norms relating to the environment. A cautionary point is that implementation is often more successful when legislation is developed through a process that includes the participation of local and national communities. Therefore, any model provisions should be used as a draft, or checklist, which could inform the development of laws within a country through a participatory process. 73. The Special Rapporteur was urged to continue to promote the protection of environmental human rights defenders, in coordination with other special procedure mandate holders, including the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders, with the goal of encouraging States to fulfil their obligation to create an enabling environment for human rights defenders working in this area. In this respect, some specific suggestions were made, including the creation of a comprehensive global study that monitors and investigates the criminalization and intimidation of environmental defenders. The study could identify the State and non-State actors that are involved as perpetrators, 15

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