A/HRC/33/62 inevitably best to address the diverse and interconnecting issues characteristic of the rights of indigenous peoples. 12. Many indigenous groups in Cambodia have no written language, only an oral culture. During a meeting in March 2016, the Minister for Culture and Fine Arts outlined the measures being taken to capture traditional languages and preserve them digitally. While it is commendable and arguably necessary to transcribe non-written indigenous languages, there is a fine line between preservation and assimilation; care must be taken to work with indigenous groups to ensure the maintenance of their culture and languages in a manner which is acceptable to them. The inclusion of indigenous – as well as Khmer – culture and cultural traditions in the school curriculum is important for all children. The Special Rapporteur is aware of the difficulties encountered when a Government tries to protect or preserve aspects of cultural rights, but recalls that it is for indigenous peoples themselves to decide if they wish to change their traditional practices. 13. The multilingual education plan of action launched by the Government in 2016 seeks to build on earlier programmes of bilingual education for indigenous and ethnic minority children. Earlier versions were commended by the Committee on Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD/C/KHM/CO/8-13, para. 20). Building infrastructure through community schools, the Government hopes to secure bilingual education for the initial stages of primary level study. The plan should be encouraged and supported with adequate funding. The Special Rapporteur is well aware of the challenges of not only building schools in many areas but also of securing trained bilingual teachers and appropriate teaching and learning resources in indigenous languages. A general (adult) literacy programme is also being implemented by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports in rural communities. For indigenous peoples interacting with government (including provincial) authorities, Khmer is usually the lingua franca. This has implications for the realization of all rights, not least land rights. 14. The management of land is an issue of particular concern to indigenous peoples. Like many of the world’s indigenous peoples, Cambodian indigenous peoples frequently live in a close relationship to the land, including rivers and forests. As Cambodian society engages in rapid development, in conjunction with population expansion, there are inevitably tensions over land. 15. Indigenous peoples can benefit from the system of communal land titling developed by the Government and promulgated by the Land Law (2001). Article 23 of the Land Law offers a legal definition of indigenous peoples, which acknowledges the cultivation of land according to customary rules of collective use. Recognition of these collective communal land titles requires three principal, sequential stages: communities must be recognized by the Ministry of Rural Development as indigenous communities; recognized communities must then be registered with the Ministry of the Interior as legal entities; and communities thereby registered must apply to the Ministry of Land for registration of their communal land title. At the provincial level, there are steps necessary for each of the foregoing stages; for example, determining the extent of land claims. The registration process can be cumbersome for indigenous peoples owing to the costs involved (a communal land title can cost as much as $70,000), the length of time for completing the process, a lack of awareness of the process, and difficulties in fully engaging with the process because of language and cultural issues. Communal land titles often take several years to process, from the initial recognition of the group to the awarding of the title, leaving indigenous land in the meantime vulnerable to encroachment by various parties. Indeed, applications for land use or titles by private parties may proceed faster than the applications of indigenous communities. During her mission in March 2016, the Special Rapporteur received information on delays at the provincial level that precluded the completion of preliminary 5