A/HRC/7/14 Page 33 - In recognition of the particular importance of media diversity to democracy, special measures, including anti-monopoly rules, should be put in place to prevent undue concentration of media or cross-media ownership, both horizontal and vertical. Such measures should involve stringent requirements of transparency of media ownership at all levels. They should also involve active monitoring, taking ownership concentration into account in the licensing process, where applicable, prior reporting of major proposed combinations, and powers to prevent such combinations from taking place; - Consideration should be given to providing support, based on equitable, objective criteria applied in a non-discriminatory fashion, to those wishing to establish new media outlets; On diversity of content - Policy tools could be used, where this is consistent with international guarantees of freedom of expression, to promote content diversity among and within media outlets; - Consideration should be given to providing support, based on equitable, objective criteria applied in a non-discriminatory fashion, for the production of content which makes an important contribution to diversity. This might include measures to promote independent content producers, including by requiring public service broadcasters to purchase a minimum quota of their programming from these producers; - An appropriate balance should be struck between protection of copyright and adjacent rights, and promoting the free flow of information and ideas in society, including through measures which result in a strengthening of the public domain. Signed, Ambeyi Ligabo United Nations Special Rapporteur on freedom of opinion and expression