A/HRC/39/23 regard to the Plan of Action through the process that culminated in the multi-stakeholder consultation and the related report and outcome document. The involvement of civil society and media organizations in the multi-stakeholder consultation was a highly valuable aspect of this process and all mechanisms are encouraged to follow a similar, inclusive approach. VII. Conclusions and recommendations 64. There have been recent notable and significant achievements in addressing the issue of the safety of journalists at international, regional and national levels. A wide range of prevention, protection, monitoring and complaint mechanisms have been established, often with multiple functions, and are regularly employed to draw attention to the issue, to educate, prevent and protect, monitor violations and report, and pursue accountability. Through these mechanisms, international and regional actors assist States in fulfilling their own primary obligations under international law to protect the rights of journalists and prevent attacks against them. 65. Despite the attention given to the safety of journalists at the international and regional levels, attacks on journalists are increasing, raising legitimate questions about the impact of these mechanisms at all levels. This report has highlighted some essential components that are required for an independent and impartial analysis of effectiveness. These include the investment of adequate time and resources, an agreed methodology (taking account of the wide range and multiple roles of the mechanisms and the contexts in which they operate), and the systematic collection, collation and analysis of relevant disaggregated data over time. 66. Mechanisms could themselves usefully carry out analyses of the effectiveness of their work, individually and/or in cooperation with other mechanisms and with the involvement of civil society. The multi-stakeholder consultation is an example of a recent evaluation that aimed to constructively assess the impact of the Plan of Action and set out options for a stronger approach going forward. 17